ArticleHealth economics review2023
Out- Of- Pocket health expenditure and household consumption patterns in Benin: Is there a crowding out effect?
Article in Health economics review, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catastrophic health expenditures and medical impoverishment in Bangladesh: evidence from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Crowding-out effect of out-of-pocket expenditure on non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a Nigerian case study.International health · 2026Article
- Out-of-pocket health expenditures and financial protection in Türkiye: pre-pandemic (2019) and COVID-19 era (2022) microdata.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Regional disparities in access to coordinated health care in Poland: development and application of an accessibility index.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Measuring health financing vulnerability due to reductions in official development assistance: A conceptual framework with empirical application across 47 African countries.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Medical care or clean energy? The impact of medical insurance on rural households' use of clean cooking energy.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling determinants of accessibility for healthcare services in rural and urban areas of Dodoma, Tanzania.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditures among Cambodian households in informal employment using survey data.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Estimating the out-of-pocket health expenditure in patients under 5 years with severe malnutrition in Afghanistan in 2023: Findings from a cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Out-of-Pocket and Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Pakistan.International journal of public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Health shocks are common and have serious consequences for households in developing countries where health insurance is lacking. In this study, we examine whether out-of-pocket health expenditures crowd out household consumption of non-healthcare necessities, such as education items in Benin using a sample of 14,952 households from the global vulnerability and food security analysis survey. We estimated a system of conditional Engel curves with three stage least squared (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) for seven categories of goods using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) in the form of budget shares corresponding to proportions of total non-health expenditure. Findings show that out of pocket health expenditure leads households to spend more on health care that in fine crowd out expenditure in other necessity goods such as education item. These findings highlight the need for social protection programs to mitigate the impact of health shocks on vulnerable households in Benin.
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