ArticleParasite (Paris, France)2023
Trichomonas tenax induces barrier defects and modulates the inflammatory cytotoxicity of gingival and pulmonary epithelial cells.
Article in Parasite (Paris, France), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microscopic Detection ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The association between Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis and periimplantitis and periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Detection of trichomonads in induced sputum from asthma patients in Korea.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Transmission Dynamics ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Prospective observational study ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Unraveling the pathogenic potential of the Pentatrichomonas hominis PHGD strain: impact on IPEC-J2 cell growth, adhesion, and gene expression.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrichomonas tenax is a single-cell flagellated anaerobic organism, commensal in the human oral cavity. Although a previous study indicated that T. tenax could cause cell damage and phagocytose host epithelial cells, its pathological effects on gum cells remain unknown. Furthermore, several case reports have detected T. tenax in several patients with empyema and/or pleural effusion, which may have been aspirated from the oral cavity. However, the cytotoxic effects and immune responses of alveolar cells are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic and immune effects of T. tenax on gums and pulmonary cell lines. The cytopathic effect and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were used to determine the level of cell damage in gum and lung epithelial cells. Western blot was used to determine the disruption of cell junctions. Finally, epithelial cell cytokines were measured using ELISA to elucidate the immune response to T. tenax.
resultsWe found that T. tenax induced a cytotoxic effect on gum epithelial cells by disrupting cell junctions; however, it hardly triggered cellular damage in alveolar A549 cells and mucoepidermoid NCI-H292 cells. Furthermore, T. tenax induced the production of IL-6 at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) in gum, A549, and NCI-H292 cells.
conclusionsOur results suggest that T. tenax can trigger gingival cell cytotoxicity, disrupt cell junctions, and induce IL-6 production in gingival and pulmonary cell lines.
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