ArticleEMBO reports2023
IP6-stabilised HIV capsids evade cGAS/STING-mediated host immune sensing.
Article in EMBO reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Central Pore of HIV-1 Capsomers Promotes Sustained Stability of the Viral Capsid.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Retroviruses use different IPNature communications · 2026Article
- BRCA1-RAD51 homologous DNA repair pathway promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription.Science advances · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of the cGAS-STING pathway in human disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Targeting Host Dependency Factors: A Paradigm Shift in Antiviral Strategy Against RNA Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- HIV-1 and Its Strategy for Hiding Viral cDNA from STING-Mediated Innate Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Progress Update on STING Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA recruits cGAS via its histone-binding domain to escape innate immunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- HIV capsids: orchestrators of innate immune evasion, pathogenesis and pandemicity.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Cell-free assays reveal that the HIV-1 capsid protects reverse transcripts from cGAS immune sensing.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Poxin-deficient poxviruses are sensed by cGAS prior to genome replication.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- HIV-1 adapts to lost IP6 coordination through second-site mutations that restore conical capsid assembly.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- May I Help You with Your Coat? HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- HIV-1 uncoating requires long double-stranded reverse transcription products.Science advances · 2024Article
- The capsid revolution.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 uses inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) to build a metastable capsid capable of delivering its genome into the host nucleus. Here, we show that viruses that are unable to package IP6 lack capsid protection and are detected by innate immunity, resulting in the activation of an antiviral state that inhibits infection. Disrupting IP6 enrichment results in defective capsids that trigger cytokine and chemokine responses during infection of both primary macrophages and T-cell lines. Restoring IP6 enrichment with a single mutation rescues the ability of HIV-1 to infect cells without being detected. Using a combination of capsid mutants and CRISPR-derived knockout cell lines for RNA and DNA sensors, we show that immune sensing is dependent upon the cGAS-STING axis and independent of capsid detection. Sensing requires the synthesis of viral DNA and is prevented by reverse transcriptase inhibitors or reverse transcriptase active-site mutation. These results demonstrate that IP6 is required to build capsids that can successfully transit the cell and avoid host innate immune sensing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.