ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2023
Variation in youth and young adult homicide rates and their association with city characteristics in Latin America: the SALURBAL study.
Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic disparities in adult mortality in Latin America.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- How poverty shapes children's home, neighborhood, and school environments: An integrative conceptual framework and review.The American psychologist · 2025Article
- Economic Inequality, Life Expectancy, and Interpersonal Violence in London Neighborhoods.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2025Article
- Urban Environments, Health, and Environmental Sustainability: Findings From the SALURBAL Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Review
- Research Translation to Promote Urban Health in Latin America: The SALURBAL Experience.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Characterising the killing of girls and women in urban settings in Latin America, 2000-2019: an analysis of variability and time trends using mortality data from vital registration systems.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Quality of pediatric trauma care: development of an age-adjusted TRISS model and survival benchmarking in a major trauma center.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- The leading causes of death in the US and Mexico's pediatric population are related to violence: a note on secondary analyses of registered deaths from 2000 to 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most urbanized and violent regions worldwide. Homicides in youth (15-24 years old, yo) and young adults (25-39yo) are an especially pressing public health problem. Yet there is little research on how city characteristics relate to homicide rates in youth and young adults. We aimed to describe homicide rates among youth and young adults, as well as their association with socioeconomic and built environment factors across 315 cities in eight LAC countries. Methods: This is an ecological study. We estimated homicide rates in youth and young adults for the period 2010-2016. We investigated associations of homicide rates with sub-city education and GDP, Gini, density, landscape isolation, population and population growth using sex-stratified negative binomial models with city and sub-city level random intercepts, and country-level fixed effects. Findings: The mean sub-city homicide rate per 100,000 in persons aged 15-24 was 76.9 (SD = 95.9) in male and 6.7 (SD = 8.5) in female, and in persons aged 25-39 was 69.4 (SD = 68.9) in male and 6.0 (SD = 6.7) in female. Rates were higher in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and El Salvador than in Argentina, Chile, Panama and Peru. There was significant variation in rates across cities and sub-cities, even after accounting for the country. In fully adjusted models, higher sub-city education scores and higher city GDP were associated with a lower homicide rate among male and female (rate ratios (RR) per SD higher value in male and female, respectively, 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90) and 0.90 (CI 0.86-0.93) for education and 0.87 (CI 0.81-0.92) and 0.92 (CI 0.87-0.97) for GDP). A higher city Gini index was associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.28 (CI 1.10-1.48) and 1.21 (CI 1.07-1.36) in male and female, respectively). Greater isolation da was also associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.13 (CI 1.07-1.21) and 1.07 (CI 1.02-1.12) in male and female, respectively). Interpretation: City and sub-city factors are associated with homicide rates. Improvements to education, social conditions and inequality and physical integration of cities may contribute to the reduction of homicides in the region. Funding: The Wellcome Trust [205177/Z/16/Z].
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