ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on use and harms: A narrative review of sex/gender differences.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobacco and cannabis use in the young 'Not in Employment, Education or Training' population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring Potential Predictors and Mediators of Marijuana Use Among US Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- Chronic Health Conditions and Substance Use Among Canadian Youth: A Nationally Representative Study: Problèmes de santé chroniques et usage de substances chez les jeunes Canadiens : étude représentative à l'échelle nationale.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Article
- Gender identity and cannabis use in Canada and the United States: cross-sectional analysis of the International Cannabis Policy Study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Identifying behavioral and biological predictors of cannabis vapor self-administration in rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Narrowing and Reversing Sex Gaps in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- The impact of recreational cannabis legalization on pediatric emergency department visits in British Columbia, Canada.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2026Article
- A 2025 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey on Public Attitudes Toward the Legalization and Depenalization of Recreational Cannabis in Poland.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the acute effects of cannabis: the need for hypothesis-driven research.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Article
- Sex and gender influences on problematic cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Trends in hospitalizations for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in Canada, 2016-17 to 2024-25.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and trends in cannabis use disorder and cannabis poisoning among Medicaid enrollees: a multistate analysis, 2011-2022.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Reproductive System and Prenatal Development: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Beneficial and adverse effects of THC on cognition in the HIV-1 transgenic rat model: Importance of exploring task- and sex-dependent outcomes.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Exploring cannabis consumption stigma in Canada with consideration of age and gender differences.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Patterns of Cannabis Use among Women With HIV in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Cannabis Dispensary Density, Proximity, and Attitudes Toward Medical Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Marijuana use among adolescent Asian Americans and Pacific islanders: Analysis of ethnic subgroup and gender differences.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Do Medical and Recreational Marijuana State Laws Impact Trends in Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Among Patients Who Have Undergone TJA?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legalization of cannabis use for non-medical (recreational) purposes is changing the global cannabis landscape. As attitudes toward cannabis use become more positive and prevalence of use increases in complex ways, concerns emerge about the potential for increased cannabis-attributable harms. Understanding the who, why, and when of this likely increase in cannabis-attributable harms is thus an important public health priority. Both sex and gender contribute to variability in the use, effects, and harms of cannabis and thus sex/gender considerations are important when evaluating the impacts of cannabis legalization. The goal of this narrative review is to broadly discuss sex/gender differences in attitudes toward and prevalence of cannabis use, whether there are sex/gender differences in the impacts of cannabis legalization, and why these sex/gender differences might exist. One of our strongest conclusions is that men have always been more likely to use cannabis than women, yet the sex/gender gap in prevalence of cannabis use has narrowed over time, and this might be partly due to cannabis legalization. The existing evidence suggests that there have also been sex/gender differences in the impacts of legalization on cannabis-attributable harms such as cannabis-involved motor vehicle collisions and hospitalizations, though these results are more variable. The body of literature reviewed has focused almost exclusively on samples of cisgender research participants, and thus future research should encourage inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse participants. More consideration of sex- and gender-based analysis in research evaluating long-term impacts of cannabis legalization is a clear research priority.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.