ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Prevalence and correlates of the misuse of z-drugs and benzodiazepines in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance dependence: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Z-drug abuse and dependence: clinical guideline of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology for diagnosis and management.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Guideline
- Patient experiences of benzodiazepine tapering: a qualitative study of treatment in addiction care.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Signals of Venous Thromboembolism Risk from Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Benzodiazepines and Other Sedative Hypnotics: Self-Controlled Case Series Analyses.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Extended-Release Trazodone in Comorbid Major Depressive and Sedative-Hypnotic/Anxiolytic Use Disorders: A Real-World Preliminary Evaluation of Multidimensional Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Latent Classes of Nonmedical Prescription Tranquilizer Use Motives in US Adolescents and Young Adults.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Nicotine use is Associated With Elevated Risk of Opioid use Disorder Following Total/Hemi Hip Arthroplasty Procedures.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Comparative pharmacovigilance of non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists versus dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia in older adults.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Beyond Addiction: Burden of Polypharmacy and Risk in Frail Patients with Substance Use Disorder.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimizing Benzodiazepine Use for Chronic Insomnia: Insights from a Delphi Expert Consensus Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Lifetime burden of prescription medication for insomnia in middle-aged and older adults in the US: a microsimulation study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Preclinical evidence for a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach for treating benzodiazepine addiction.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Harm reduction approaches for the use of benzodiazepines: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Motivations underlying co-use of benzodiazepines and opioids in the UK: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Experiences of long-term benzodiazepine use and addiction amid changes in guidelines for the prescription of narcotic drugs: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a personalised sleep care plan on child and adolescent in-patient mental health wards.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Article
- Nationwide trends in diagnosed sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders in adolescents and young adults enrolled in Medicaid: 2001-2019.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- A Mixed-Methods Study of Motives for Benzodiazepine Misuse Among Adults Receiving Substance Use Disorder Treatment.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Benzodiazepine Utilization in Ischemic Stroke Survivors: Analyzing Initial Excess Supply and Longitudinal Trends.Stroke · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (z-drugs) are commonly prescribed for their anxiolytic and hypnotic properties, though they can also be misused. In studies examining the epidemiology of prescription drug misuse, these medication classes are commonly combined, rendering inadequate knowledge of their patterns of misuse. The objective of this study was to characterize the population prevalence, conditional dependence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of the misuse of benzodiazepines and z-drugs. Methods: Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 were used to estimate population-level prevalence and characteristics of benzodiazepine and z-drug misuse. Groups were derived based on past-year misuse of benzodiazepines alone, z-drugs alone, or both drug types. Unadjusted regression analyses were used to compare groups on characteristics of interest. Results: Exposure to benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs Conclusion: The misuse of z-drugs is less common than benzodiazepines, and people who misuse only z-drugs appear to generally have lower clinical severity. Nonetheless, a substantial subgroup of people exposed to z-drugs report concurrent, past-year use of other substances. Further research on z-drug misuse, including consideration of whether it should be grouped with other anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs, is needed.
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Registered trials
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