ArticleClinical & translational immunology2023
A specific anti-COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine-induced early innate immune signature positively correlates with the humoral protective response in healthy and multiple sclerosis vaccine recipients.
Article in Clinical & translational immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Modulates Type I Interferon and Natural Killer Cell Responses During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Serum HDL subfractions are impaired by COVID-19 vaccine in patients with thymic epithelial tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vaccine-Induced Humoral and Cellular Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Baseline Immune Profiles After Third Vaccination Associated with Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Naïve Individuals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination reveals a specific gene signature in low-responder hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A biomimetic model composed of injectable 3D muscle-like tissue, stromal and immune cells for recapitulating the rapid immune signature predictive of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The very rapidly approved mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, including Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2, are effective in protecting from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunocompetent population. However, establishing the duration and identifying correlates of vaccine-induced protection will be crucial to optimise future immunisation strategies. Here, we studied in healthy vaccine recipients and people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), undergoing different therapies, the regulation of innate immune response by mRNA vaccination in order to correlate it with the magnitude of vaccine-induced protective humoral responses. Methods: Healthy subjects ( Results: We identified an early immune module composed of the IFN-inducible genes Mx1, OAS1 and IRF1, the serum cytokines IL-15, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and the chemokines IP-10, MCP-1 and MIG, induced 1 day post second and third BNT162b2 vaccine doses, strongly correlating with magnitude of humoral response to vaccination in healthy and MS vaccinees. Moreover, induction of the early immune module was dramatically affected in pwMS treated with fingolimod and ocrelizumab, both groups unable to induce a protective humoral response to COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that the vaccine-induced early regulation of innate immunity is mediated by IFN signalling, impacts on the magnitude of adaptive responses and it might be indicative of vaccine-induced humoral protection.
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