ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2023
New approaches to screening and management of neonatal hypoglycemia based on improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of hypoglycemia.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dasiglucagon in Children With Congenital Hyperinsulinism Up to 1 Year of Age: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Diazoxide for Severe or Recurrent Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided intraoperative biliary mapping during pediatric laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: a standardized operative approach.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Umbilical Cord Blood Glucose Concentrations and Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cumulative secondary systemic metabolic cerebral insults are associated with disease severity and mortality in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Three is Better Than Two: Dose-related Efficacy of Dextrose Gel for Neonatal Hypoglycemia in At-Risk Infants, a Quality Improvement Initiative.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Neonatal hyperinsulinism: a retrospective study of presentation and management in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in the UK.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Role of beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in the evaluation of plasma glucose concentrations in newborn infants.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Article
- Approach to the Neonate With Hypoglycemia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Proposed Screening for Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Newborns: Perspective from a Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Group.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Association between glycemic variability and short-term mortality in patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development of a prediction model for neonatal hypoglycemia risk factors: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For the past 70 years, controversy about hypoglycemia in newborn infants has focused on a numerical "definition of neonatal hypoglycemia", without regard to its mechanism. This ignores the purpose of screening newborns for hypoglycemia, which is to identify those with pathological forms of hypoglycemia and to prevent hypoglycemic brain injury. Recent clinical and basic research indicates that the three major forms of neonatal hypoglycemia are caused by hyperinsulinism (recognizing also that other rare hormonal or metabolic conditions may also present during this time frame). These include transitional hypoglycemia, which affects all normal newborns in the first few days after birth; perinatal stress-induced hypoglycemia in high-risk newborns, which afflicts ∼1 in 1,200 newborns; and genetic forms of congenital hyperinsulinism which afflict ∼1 in 10,000-40,000 newborns. (1) Transitional hyperinsulinism in normal newborns reflects persistence of the low glucose threshold for insulin secretion during fetal life into the first few postnatal days. Recent data indicate that the underlying mechanism is decreased trafficking of ATP-sensitive potassium channels to the beta-cell plasma membrane, likely a result of the hypoxemic state of fetal life. (2) Perinatal stress-induced hyperinsulinism in high-risk infants appears to reflect an exaggeration of this normal low fetal glucose threshold for insulin release due to more severe and prolonged exposure to perinatal hypoxemia. (3) Genetic hyperinsulinism, in contrast, reflects permanent genetic defects in various steps controlling beta-cell insulin release, such as inactivating mutations of the
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