ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Meningoencephalitis associated with GAD65 autoimmunity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic challenge of GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis mimicking post-traumatic complications in an older adult: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- B-cell immune repertoire analysis of autoimmune neurological syndromes with anti-GAD65 antibodies.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Comment on: Diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy requires documentation of a causal relationship between the immune response and seizures.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2024Article
- Article
- Systematic review: clinical characteristics of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Encephalitis has been recognized in patients with autoimmunity related to the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) antibodies; however, patients with meningoencephalitis associated with those antibodies have been rarely identified in the medical literature. We aimed to define the frequency, clinical features, response to therapy, and functional outcomes of patients with meningoencephalitis associated with GAD antibodies. Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients attending a tertiary care center for evaluation of an autoimmune neurological disorder from January 2018 to June 2022. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcome at the last follow-up. Results: We evaluated 482 patients with confirmed autoimmune encephalitis during the study period. Four among the 25 patients with encephalitis related to GAD65 antibodies were identified. One patient was excluded owing to the coexistence of NMDAR antibodies. Three male patients aged 36, 24, and 16 years had an acute ( Conclusion: Meningoencephalitis is an uncommon presentation of GAD65 autoimmunity. Patients present with signs of encephalitis but with meningeal enhancement and have good outcomes.
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