Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36968905›Full record

ReviewCureus2023

Evidence-Based Medicine: History, Review, Criticisms, and Pitfalls.

Iqbal Ratnani, Sahar Fatima, Muhammad Mohsin Abid, Zehra Surani, Salim Surani

Full text readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Artificial Intelligence: Reframing Critical Appraisal in Emergency Medicine.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026
    Article
  2. When evidence meets artificial intelligence.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Iqbal RatnaniCenter for Critical Care, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA.
Sahar FatimaCenter for Critical Care, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA.
Muhammad Mohsin AbidInternal Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.
Zehra SuraniMedical Education and Simulation, It's Your Life Foundation, Corpus Christi, USA.
Salim SuraniAnesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the use of high-quality clinical research in making decisions about the care of patients. Its formal origin dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, and since then, it has continued to evolve. The best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values are described as the foundations of EBM. However, several tools and skills have been developed and added over time. EBM has faced a lot of criticism, and the pitfalls are widely discussed and published in the medical literature. The biggest challenge is the changing paradigm of healthcare, cost-effectiveness, and changing evidence which has led to controversies and challenges in the rapid adaptation of the EBM. This review article discusses the history, conception, and evolution of modern-day EBM. In addition, we discuss why EBM has been criticized and highlight the pitfalls.

Indexed as

constructive criticismevidence base medicinehistory of ebmmedical education technologypitfalls of ebm

Identifiers

PMID36968905
PMCPMC10035760

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read3
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.