ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19: A single-center, prospective study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases After COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Manifestation and Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- First population-based national eHealth system study on the prevalence of nonmalignant thyroid disorders in North Macedonia: A cross-sectional analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Increased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes and Co-Existing Thyroid Autoimmunity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Observational
- Long-Term Thyroid Complications Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Risk of developing thyroid eye disease in patients with thyroid dysfunction that received a COVID-19 vaccination.Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2026Article
- The role of COVID-19 infection and vaccination in the induction of anti-TPO antibodies and the potential impact on developing thyroid disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Emerging evidence from China indicates SARS- COV-2 may be associated with newly diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a clinical study of 54 patients with COVID-19 complicated by newly diagnosed disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gene behaviors-based network enrichment analysis and its application to reveal immune disease pathways enriched with COVID-19 severity-specific gene networks.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Paediatric Autoimmune Thyroiditis Triggered by Prior SARS-CoV-2 Exposure: A Case with Transient Hashitoxicosis.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2025Article
- Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining neutrophil elastase (NE) - a potential useful marker of multi-organ damage observed in COVID-19 and post-Covid-19 (PCS).Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction associate with a pro-thrombotic profile in Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of Graves' disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- State of Knowledge About Thyroid Cancers in the Era of COVID-19-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Exploring the Contrasts and Similarities of Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Infections During the COVID-19 Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- No Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Mortality for Thyroid Cancer in the US. Comment on Lee et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Thyroid Cancer Surgery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- The interlink between thyroid autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and the impact on male and female fertility.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions associated with SARS-CoV-2 acute infection have been extensively described since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics. Conversely, few data are available on the occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity after COVID-19 resolution. We assessed the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and thyroid dysfunctions in COVID-19 survivors three months after hospital admission. Design and methods: Single-center, prospective, observational, cohort study performed at ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy. 599 COVID-19 survivors were prospectively evaluated for thyroid function and autoimmunity thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). When a positive antibody concentration was detected, thyroid ultrasound was performed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between autoimmunity and demographic characteristics, respiratory support, and comorbidities. Autoimmunity results were compared to a cohort of 498 controls referred to our Institution for non-thyroid diseases before the pandemic onset. A sensitivity analysis comparing 330 COVID-19 patients with 330 age and sex-matched controls was performed. Results: Univariate and multivariate analysis found that female sex was positively associated (OR 2.01, SE 0.48, p = 0.003), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was negatively associated (OR 0.36, SE 0.16, p = 0.025) with thyroid autoimmunity; hospitalization, ICU admission, respiratory support, or COVID-19 treatment were not associated with thyroid autoimmunity (p > 0.05). TPOAb prevalence was greater in COVID-19 survivors than in controls: 15.7% vs 7.7%, p = 0.002. Ultrasonographic features of thyroiditis were present in 94.9% of the evaluated patients with positive antibodies. TSH was within the normal range in 95% of patients. Conclusions: Autoimmune thyroid disease prevalence in COVID-19 survivors was doubled as compared to age and sex-matched controls, suggesting a role of SARS-CoV-2 in eliciting thyroid autoimmunity.
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