Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36967522›Full record

ArticleACS sensors2023

Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes.

David M E Freeman, Damien K Ming, Richard Wilson, Peter L Herzog, Christopher Schulz, Alfons K G Felice, Yu-Chih Chen, Danny O'Hare, Alison H Holmes, Anthony E G Cass

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sensors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. A Hitchhiker's Guide to Physical and Cognitive Effort.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Can we still use the Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic microneedle sensors?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

David M E FreemanCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-8528-1985
Damien K MingCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.ORCID 0000-0003-3125-6378
Richard WilsonCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-3275-6932
Peter L HerzogDirectSens GmbH, Muthgasse 11/2, 3. Floor, Vienna 1190, Austria.
Christopher SchulzDirectSens GmbH, Muthgasse 11/2, 3. Floor, Vienna 1190, Austria.
Alfons K G FeliceDirectSens GmbH, Muthgasse 11/2, 3. Floor, Vienna 1190, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3842-1471
Yu-Chih ChenDepartment of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Danny O'HareCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-0820-2999
Alison H HolmesCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
Anthony E G CassCentre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Room 7S5, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.ORCID 0000-0001-8881-4786
Hammersmith Hospital · GBImperial College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microneedle lactate sensors may be used to continuously measure lactate concentration in the interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive and pain-free manner. First- and second-generation enzymatic sensors produce a redox-active product that is electrochemically sensed at the electrode surface. Direct electron transfer enzymes produce electrons directly as the product of enzymatic action; in this study, a direct electron transfer enzyme specific to lactate has been immobilized onto a microneedle surface to create lactate-sensing devices that function at low applied voltages (0.2 V). These devices have been validated in a small study of human volunteers; lactate concentrations were raised and lowered through physical exercise and subsequent rest. Lactazyme microneedle devices show good agreement with concurrently obtained and analyzed serum lactate levels.

Indexed as

ElectronsLactic AcidElectrodesElectron TransportHumansResearch SubjectsLactic Acidbiosensorcontinuous monitoringdirect electron transfer enzymein-human studylactatemicroneedles

Identifiers

PMID36967522
PMCPMC10152478
OpenAlexW4360985197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.