ArticleEnvironmental research2023
Exposure to ultrafine particles and cognitive decline among older people in the United States.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Air pollution and cognitive outcomes in older adults: a systematic review.Reviews on environmental health · 2026Review
- Ultrafine particles and late-life cognitive function: Influence of stationary mobile monitoring design on health inferences.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Associations between Ultrafine Particles and Incident Dementia in Older Adults.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Need for a Holistic Approach to Assessing Sustainable, Green, and Healthy Buildings.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Association between Ambient Ultrafine Particles and Neurodevelopmental Delay in Preschoolers in Shanghai, China.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Assessing the contribution of the chemical exposome to neurodegenerative disease.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Multiracial participants in Alzheimer's research: scoping review and recommendations.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSome studies suggest that ambient particulate air pollution is associated with cognitive decline. However, the findings are mixed, and there is no relevant research examining the influences of ultrafine particles (UFP), which may have more toxicity than larger particles. We therefore conducted this study to investigate whether residential UFP exposure is associated with cognitive decline using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers in the United States.
methodsThis is a longitudinal study of participants who were aged 65 years and older and had normal cognitive status at baseline. Residential UFP exposure, expressed as particle number concentrations (PNC), was assessed in 2016-2017 using a nationwide land use regression model, and was assigned to each participant using their 3-digit residential ZIP codes. Cognitive functions including memory, attention, language, executive function, and global function were assessed annually using 15 neuropsychological tests from March 2015 to February 2022. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the associations after adjustment for covariates including baseline age, sex, APOE ε4 status, race, education, smoking status, history of diabetes, quartiles of neighborhood median household income, and interaction terms of follow-up time with each covariate.
resultsThis study included 5646 participants (mean age 76 years, 65% female). On average, each participant had 4 annual visits. When PNC was treated as a continuous variable, there were no statistically or clinically significant changes in annual decline of each cognitive function in relation to an interquartile range elevation in PNC (4026 particles/cm
conclusionsThis study found no meaningful associations between residential UFP exposure and cognitive decline in global and domain-specific functions. There is a need for further research that assigns UFP exposure at a finer geographic scale.
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