ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2023
Association between salt intake and gastric atrophy by Helicobacter pylori infection: first results from the Epidemiological Investigation of Gastric Malignancy (ENIGMA).
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal trends, risk factors, and future projections of gastric cancer burden in China, India, and the United States: a GBD 2023 analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Noxa inhibits oncogenesis through ZNF519 in gastric cancer and is suppressed by hsa-miR-200b-3p.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
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Abstract
purposeGastric atrophy (GA), usually linked to chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), may over time evolve into gastric malignancy. Besides H. pylori, high salt intake may play a role in GA development. This study evaluates cross sectionally the association between salt intake and GA in Chilean adults.
methodsPopulation-based samples were recruited from two sites, Antofagasta and Valdivia, partaking in the Epidemiological Investigation of Gastric Malignancies. At recruitment, participants answered questionnaires and provided biospecimens. Salt intake (g/day) was estimated from casual spot urine samples using the Tanaka equation. GA was determined by serum pepsinogen levels. Only participants ≥ 40 to 70 years of age were considered in this analysis, n = 565. For the association between salt intake (as sex-specific quartiles) and GA, odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through multivariable logistic regression.
resultsIn women, the multivariable-adjusted OR for GA comparing quartile 4 of the estimated salt intake (12.8 g/day) to quartile 1 (6.6 g/day) was 1.18 (95% CI 0.52-2.68, P-trend = 0.87). The corresponding OR in men was 0.49 (95% CI 0.19-1.27, P-trend = 0.17) with salt intakes of 12.8 g/day and 7.1 g/day for quartiles 4 and 1, respectively.
conclusionThere was little evidence for an association between salt intake estimated from spot urine and GA risk in our cross-sectional analysis of middle aged and older adults in Chile. Reverse causation bias cannot be ruled out and the sample size was limited to provide more precise estimates.
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