ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023
Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent or cease electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Restricting E-Cigarette Flavour Names to Reduce Youth Appeal: An Analysis of New Zealand's 2024 Regulations.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Exposure to Vape Products Elicits Neural Activity Patterns Indicative of Approach Motivation Among Young People.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Mechanisms and Comprehensive Functional Evaluation of Bioactive Components from Olive and Chinese Olive.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Local Cannabis Policy and Cannabis Use by California High School Students Before and After Statewide Retail Legalization.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- Nicotine and the cardiovascular system: unmasking a global public health threat.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Perceptions of e-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products Among Never Users of Nicotine in the European Union.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Youth-appealing, unauthorised 'cessation aid' flavoured inhaler devices multiply across US shops and social media.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Trends in U.S. Adolescent Use of Vaping and Flavored Solutions for Marijuana Consumption, 2021-2024.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of flavorants on nicotine vapor self-administration in adolescent mice: Cherry on top?The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Trends in e-cigarette flavour use and demographic correlates among US youth from 2020 to 2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Review
- Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- The impact of e-cigarette product characteristics on attitudes and use susceptibility: an experimental study.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- "Ice" flavor elements in E-cigarette images: Influence on liking and intention to use among youth who are at risk of E-cigarette use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Adolescent Perspectives on Their E-Cigarette Initiation Experiences.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2025Article
- Impact of survey item wording on reported tobacco use among youth: effect of adding 'even one or two puffs' to use questions.International journal of social research methodology · 2025Article
- "Non-Flavor" Flavors: What Are the Implications of Derived Psychoactive Cannabis Product Marketing?Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCertain product characteristics, such as flavor, may increase adolescents' willingness to try vaped nicotine and cannabis (marijuana) products.
methodsA discrete choice experiment embedded within the 2021-2022 California Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project Online Survey was administered to a non-probability sample of N = 2342 adolescents ages 12-17. Participants were sequentially presented four randomly-generated pairs of hypothetical vape products that varied in device type (disposable, refillable), content (nicotine, marijuana, "just vapor"), and flavor (seven options) and asked which of these (or neither) they would be more willing to try if a best friend offered. Conditional logistic regression quantified associations between product characteristics and participants' selections, including interactions by past 30-day use of e-cigarettes, marijuana, or both.
resultsCandy/dessert, fruit, and fruit-ice combination flavors were all associated with greater willingness to try a vape product (versus tobacco flavor) among participants not using e-cigarettes or marijuana, those using only e-cigarettes, and those co-using e-cigarettes and marijuana. Among participants only using marijuana, the most preferred flavors were no flavor, candy/dessert, and icy/frost/menthol. Among participants not using e-cigarettes or marijuana, model-predicted willingness to try a displayed vape product was greater when products were sweet or fruit flavored than tobacco or unflavored, regardless of whether displayed options contained nicotine (fruit/sweet: 21 %, tobacco/unflavored: 4 %), marijuana (fruit/sweet: 18 %, tobacco/unflavored: 6 %), or "just vapor" (fruit/sweet: 29 %, tobacco/unflavored: 16 %).
conclusionsIn this online non-probability sample, flavors in nicotine and cannabis vape products increased adolescents' willingness to try them. Comprehensive bans on flavored vapes would likely reduce adolescent use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.