ArticlePLOS global public health2023
Fentanyl-driven acceleration of racial, gender and geographical disparities in drug overdose deaths in the United States.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of State Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment Laws Effective During 2022: Counseling, Dosage, and Visit Frequency Requirements.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Pooled it
- Study protocol for a randomized trial examining a peer grief support approach for people grieving drug overdose deaths.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Examining use of telehealth in jails: linking women to community OUD services.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- A novel community mobilization framework to scale youth opioid prevention education in Texas.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Health Risk Factors for Co-Use of Gabapentin and Opioids among Black Americans.Addiction research & theory · 2026Article
- Spatial Patterns of Opioid Overdose Mortality Risk Across Urban, Transitional, and Rural Communities Using Satellite-Derived and Socioeconomic Indicators.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- "The community's memory is timeless": exploring cultural and community context to inform the public health response to the overdose crisis in black communities.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Infectious disease complications associated with opioid use disorder at a southern county hospital: a retrospective chart review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations Pre- and Post-Pandemic: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample Database.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Gender-based differences in harm reduction practices among people who use drugs in Rhode island: a latent class analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to injectable opioid agonist treatment engagement within a structural vulnerability context: a qualitative study of patient experiences in Vancouver, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Decline in US Drug Overdose Deaths by Region, Substance, and Demographics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Methadone-involved overdose deaths in urban and rural communities before and after the public health emergency flexibilities for methadone take-home doses.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Perceived Social Isolation and Fentanyl Use Among Adults Who Inject Drugs in Rural Kentucky.Social work in public health · 2025Article
- Intersectional Racial and Sex Disparities in Unintentional Overdose Mortality.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- How do restrictions on opioid prescribing, harm reduction, and treatment coverage policies relate to opioid overdose deaths in the United States in 2013-2020? An application of a new state opioid policy scale.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Alcohol-induced deaths in the United States across age, race, gender, geography, and the COVID-19 pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic inequality in homelessness and drug overdose deaths in US States.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl Use and Associated Health and Substance Use Risks in the United States, 2022.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Opioid Addiction and Gender Role Conflict: A Comparative Study of Fathers Receiving Treatment for an Opioid Use Disorder.Psychology of men & masculinity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We examine trends in drug overdose deaths by race, gender, and geography in the United States during the period 2013-2020. Race and gender specific crude rates were extracted from the final National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files for several jurisdictions and used to calculate the male-to-female ratios of crude rates between 2013 and 2020. We established 2013-2019 temporal trends for four major drug types: psychostimulants with addiction potential (T43.6, such as methamphetamines); heroin (T40.1); natural and semi-synthetic opioids (T40.2, such as those contained in prescription pain-killers); synthetic opioids (T40.4, such as fentanyl and its derivatives) through a quadratic regression and determined whether changes in the pandemic year 2020 were statistically significant. We also identified which race, gender and states were most impacted by drug overdose deaths. Nationwide, the year 2020 saw statistically significant increases in overdose deaths from all drug categories except heroin, surpassing predictions based on 2013-2019 trends. Crude rates for Black individuals of both genders surpassed those for White individuals for fentanyl and psychostimulants in 2018, creating a gap that widened through 2020. In some regions, mortality among White persons decreased while overdose deaths for Black persons kept rising. The largest 2020 mortality statistic is for Black males in the District of Columbia, with a record 134 overdose deaths per 100,000 due to fentanyl, 9.4 times more than the fatality rate among White males. Male overdose crude rates in 2020 remain larger than those of females for all drug categories except in Idaho, Utah and Arkansas where crude rates of overdose deaths by natural and semisynthetic opioids for females exceeded those of males. Drug prevention, mitigation and no-harm strategies should include racial, geographical and gender-specific efforts, to better identify and serve at-risk groups.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.