ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Post-COVID-19 syndrome risk factors and further use of health services in East England.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Arrhythmia Risk in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Label efficient phenotyping for Long COVID using electronic health records.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying risk factors and predicting long COVID in a Spanish cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Healthcare Resource Utilization (HCRU) and Direct Medical Costs Associated with Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Conditions: Findings from a Literature Review.Journal of market access & health policy · 2025Review
- Association between pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in older adults.Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2025Article
- Reduced SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates in Lab Workers Conducting Nucleic Acid Testing: Controlling for the Healthy Worker Effect.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Clinical characterization of acute COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Conditions 3 months following infection: A cohort study among Indigenous adults and children in the Southwestern United States.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Patients with post-COVID-19 condition show minor blood transcriptomic changes, with altered erythrocyte gene expression in a male subgroup.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Does sex modify the effect of pre-pandemic body mass index on the risk of Long COVID? Evidence from the longitudinal analysis of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Post-COVID Condition in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Are Antivirals the Answer?JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Two-Year Longitudinal Study Reveals That Long COVID Symptoms Peak and Quality of Life Nadirs at 6-12 Months Postinfection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Bronchodilator Response in Post-COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2024Article
- Beyond the Acute Phase: Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Functional Capacity and Prothrombotic Risk-A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Persisting Shadows: Unraveling the Impact of Long COVID-19 on Respiratory, Cardiovascular, and Nervous Systems.Infectious disease reports · 2023Review
- Assessing needs-based supply of physicians: a criteria-led methodological review of international studies in high-resource settings.BMC health services research · 2023Review
- Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome, defined as symptoms persisting for more than twelve weeks after the diagnosis of COVID-19, has been recognised as a new clinical entity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study was conducted to characterise the burden and predictors for post-COVID-19 syndrome in the local population. It was a community-based web-survey study conducted in Norfolk, East England, UK. We sent the survey to patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction by December 6th, 2020. Questions related to the pre-COVID and post-COVID level of symptoms and further healthcare use. Baseline characteristics were collected from the primary care records. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish predictors for post-COVID-19 syndrome and further healthcare utilisation. Of 6,318 patients, survey responses were obtained from 1,487 participants (23.5%). Post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms were experienced by 774 (52.1%) respondents. Male sex compared to female sex was a factor protective of post-COVID symptoms; relative risk (RR) 0.748, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.605-0.924. Body mass index was associated with a greater risk of developing post-COVID-19 symptoms (RR 1.031, 95% CI, 1.016-1.047, for 1 kg/m2). A total of 378 (25.4%) people used further health services after their index COVID-19 infection, of whom 277 (73.2%) had post-COVID symptoms. Male sex was negatively associated with the use of further health services (RR 0.618, 95% CI, 0.464-0.818) whereas BMI was positively associated (RR 1.027, 95% CI, 1.009-1.046). Overall, post-COVID-19 symptoms increased the probability of using health services with RR 3.280, 95% CI, 2.540-4.262. This survey of a large number of people previously diagnosed with COVID-19 across East England shows a high prevalence of self-reported post-COVID-19 syndrome. Female sex and BMI were associated with an increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome and further utilisation of healthcare.
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Registered trials
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