ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Magnitude and factors associated with post-tuberculosis lung disease in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimorbidity and the risk of post-tuberculosis lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on lung function and quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis survivors with post-tuberculosis lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Factors associated with severity of pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with and without HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of post-tuberculosis lung disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic testing for pulmonary tuberculosis in low and middle-income countries: innovations to achieve universal access-a narrative review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- A Whole-blood Transcriptional Signature Associated With Obstructive Post-tuberculosis Lung Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Clinicopathologic Insights, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Post-tuberculosis lung disease in treated extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Readmission and survival of hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a nationwide record-based cohort analysis in Thailand (2017-2022).Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Interventions to reduce the impact of post-tuberculosis lung disease: a scoping review of the literature.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Severe Post-Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis With Bullous Lung Disease Complicated by Acute Infective Exacerbation: A Case Report From Uganda.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical and transcriptomic risk factors for post-tuberculosis lung disease in a cohort of Kenyan adults.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Observational
- Predictors of Abnormal Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide in Post-pneumonia Ugandans With and Without HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Systemic Gaps and Roadmap for Integrated Care for Post-tuberculosis Lung Disease in Ethiopia: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Emerging Cardiopulmonary Phenotype and Cardiovascular Risk-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluation of non-sputum-based diagnostics for pediatric tuberculosis: the Pediatric TB Diagnostic (PDTBDx) cohort protocol.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Long TB: Framing post-acute sequelae of tuberculosis as a distinct clinical entity.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Comprehensive care lowers multimorbidity, impairment, disability and absenteeism in people with TB.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- Article
- Personal PM2.5 exposure and lung function among adults with and without HIV who have recovered from pneumonia in Kampala, Uganda.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmerging evidence suggests that after completion of treatment for tuberculosis (TB) a significant proportion of patients experience sequelae. However, there is limited synthesized evidence on this from low-income countries, from Sub-Saharan Africa, and in HIV infected individuals. We seek to provide an updated comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the magnitude and factors associated with post-TB lung disease (PTLD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and CINAHL for studies from LMICs with data on post-TB lung health in patients who had previously completed treatment for pulmonary TB. Data on study characteristics, prevalence of PTLD-specifically abnormal lung function (spirometry), persisting respiratory symptoms and radiologic abnormalities were abstracted. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and R version 4.1 software, and random effects meta-analysis conducted to compute pooled prevalence of PTLD, evaluate heterogeneity, and assess factors associated with PTLD.
resultsWe identified 32 eligible studies with 6225 participants. Twenty-one studies were from Africa, 16 included HIV infected participants, spirometry was conducted in 20 studies, symptom assessment in 16 and chest imaging in eight. Pooled prevalence of abnormal lung function was 46.7%, persistent respiratory symptoms 41.0%, and radiologic abnormalities 64.6%. Magnitude of any type of PTLD varied by HIV status (HIV- 66.9%, HIV+ 32.8%, p = 0.0013), across geographic setting (SE Asia 57.5%, Southern America 50.8%, and Africa 38.2%, p = 0.0118), and across urban-rural settings (symptom prevalence: rural 68.8%, urban 39.1%, mixed settings 27.9%, p = 0.0035), but not by income settings, sex or age-group.
conclusionsThere is high burden of post-TB persistent respiratory symptoms, functional lung impairment and radiologic structural abnormalities in individuals living in LMICs. Burden varies across settings and by HIV status. This evidence may be valuable to advocate for and inform implementation of structured health care specific to the needs of this vulnerable population of individuals.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.