ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Resurgence of malaria in Uganda despite sustained indoor residual spraying and repeated long lasting insecticidal net distributions.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of attractive targeted sugar bait stations against malaria in Western Province Zambia: epidemiological findings from a two-arm cluster randomized phase III trial.Malaria journal · 2024Trial
- Evaluating trends in damage to attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) deployed during the second year of a two-year Phase III trial in Western Zambia.Malaria journal · 2024Trial
- Malaria Morbidity and Its Association With Indoor Residual Spraying in Amolatar District, Uganda: A Retrospective Ecological Study Using Routine DHIS2 Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Malaria transmission dynamics, vector diversity, and insecticide resistance profiles in two health districts of southern Benin.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Can dual active ingredient Interceptor® G2 insecticide-treated net (ITN) replace indoor residual spraying (IRS) efficiently? A case study in Sakassou, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Impact of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in 8 districts in West Nile and Acholi regions, Uganda: a quasi-experimental study.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Hotspot Mapping, Spatiotemporal Clustering and Forecasting of Malaria Incidence in Uganda, 2014-2023: Strategies to Inform Targeted Public Health Interventions.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Control of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. with Sovrenta® 15WP, a new isoxazoline insecticide for indoor residual spraying.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Facilitators and barriers to adherence to severe malaria treatment guidelines in children at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: a health workers' perspective.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Malaria incidence rose following the introduction of neonicotinoid-based IRS in selected districts in northern Ghana: An observational analysis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Genetic isolation drives divergent insecticide resistance between coastal and western Kenya Anopheles funestus populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Significant variations in tolerance to clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus populations during a dramatic malaria resurgence despite sustained indoor residual spraying in Uganda.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Household practices and infrastructure associated with high Plasmodium falciparum infection rates among children under five years old in Northern Uganda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of Indoor Residual Spraying for Malaria Control in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Protocol Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Adjusting vector surveillance for human behaviors reveals Anopheles funestus drove a resurgence in malaria despite IRS with clothianidin in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Household predictors of malaria episode in northern Uganda: its implication for future malaria control.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Climate Change and Malaria: A Call for Robust Analytics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Process and Methodological Considerations for Observational Analyses of Vector Control Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Routine Malaria Data.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Observational
- LLIN Evaluation in Uganda Project (LLINEUP2) - Effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) treated with pyrethroid plus pyriproxyfen vs LLINs treated with pyrethroid plus piperonyl butoxide in Uganda: A cluster-randomised trial.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Five years of sustained indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide from 2014 to 2019, first using a carbamate followed by an organophosphate, was associated with a marked reduction in the incidence of malaria in five districts of Uganda. We assessed changes in malaria incidence over an additional 21 months, corresponding to a change in IRS formulations using clothianidin with and without deltamethrin. Using enhanced health facility surveillance data, our objectives were to 1) estimate the impact of IRS on monthly malaria case counts at five surveillance sites over a 6.75 year period, and 2) compare monthly case counts at five facilities receiving IRS to ten facilities in neighboring districts not receiving IRS. For both objectives, we specified mixed effects negative binomial regression models with random intercepts for surveillance site adjusting for rainfall, season, care-seeking, and malaria diagnostic. Following the implementation of IRS, cases were 84% lower in years 4-5 (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 0.16, 95% CI 0.12-0.22), 43% lower in year 6 (aIRR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44-0.74), and 39% higher in the first 9 months of year 7 (aIRR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.97-1.97) compared to pre-IRS levels. Cases were 67% lower in IRS sites than non-IRS sites in year 6 (aIRR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.63) but 38% higher in the first 9 months of year 7 (aIRR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.90-2.11). We observed a resurgence in malaria to pre-IRS levels despite sustained IRS. The timing of this resurgence corresponded to a change of active ingredient. Further research is needed to determine causality.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.