ArticleJMIR formative research2023
Learning in a Virtual Environment to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02040038 (Diabetes Self-Management & Support LIVE), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diabetes Self-Management & Support LIVE (Learning in Virtual Environments)
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- VR-Based Physical Activity and Self-Management Interventions for Glycemic Control and Behavioral Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical systems · 2026Pooled it
- A Web-Based Virtual Environment Behavioral Intervention as Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Disease Prevention Education in Persons With HIV: Evaluation of the LEARN Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Effect of health literacy-based teach-back training on quality of life and treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes: an experimental study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Implementing virtual diabetes self-management education in two health systems (VIDA): a mixed-methods pilot study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven the importance of self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major aspect of health is providing diabetes self-management education and support. Known barriers include access, availability, and the lack of follow through on referral to education programs. Virtual education and support have increased in use over the last few years.
objectiveThe purpose of the Diabetes Learning in a Virtual Environment (LIVE) study was to compare the effects of the LIVE intervention (educational 3D world) to a diabetes self-management education and support control website on diet and physical activity behaviors and behavioral and metabolic outcomes in adults with T2DM over 12 months.
methodsThe LIVE study was a 52-week multisite randomized controlled trial with longitudinal repeated measures. Participants were randomized to LIVE (n=102) or a control website (n=109). Both contained the same educational materials, but the virtual environment was synchronous and interactive, whereas the control was a flat website. Data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months using surveys and clinical, laboratory, and Fitbit measures. Descriptive statistics included baseline characteristics and demographics. The effects of the intervention were initially examined by comparing the means and SDs of the outcomes across the 4 time points between study arms, followed by multilevel modeling on trajectories of the outcomes over the 12 months.
resultsThis trial included 211 participants who consented. The mean age was 58.85 (SD 10.1) years, and a majority were White (127/211, 60.2%), non-Hispanic (198/211, 93.8%), married (107/190, 56.3%), and female (125/211, 59.2%). Mean hemoglobin A
conclusionsThis study confirmed that there were minor positive changes on glycemic targets in both groups over the 12-month study period; however, the majority of the participants began with optimal HbA
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02040038; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02040038.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.