ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Racial and neighborhood disparities in mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States: An analysis of the CDC case surveillance database.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Now That We Are Disaggregating Race and Ethnicity Data, We Need to Start Understanding What They Mean.JAMA network open · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlack and Hispanic populations have higher overall COVID-19 infection and mortality odds compared to Whites. Some state-wide studies conducted in the early months of the pandemic found no in-hospital racial disparities in mortality.
methodsWe performed chi-square and logistic regression analyses on the CDC COVID-19 Case Surveillance Restricted Database. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The primary exposures were racial group (White, Black, Hispanic and Others) and neighborhood type (low vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, high vulnerability, very high vulnerability).
findingsThe overall unadjusted mortality rate was 33% and was lowest among Hispanics. In the fully adjusted models, Blacks and Hispanics had higher overall odds of dying [OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.15, 1.25) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.17, 1.28) respectively] compared with White patients, and patients from neighborhoods with very high vulnerability had the highest mortality odds in the Northeast, Midwest and overall [Adjusted OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.91, 2.26)]. In the Midwest, Blacks and Hispanics had higher odds of mortality compared with Whites, but this was not observed in other regions.
interpretationAmong hospitalized COVID-19 patients, Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to die compared to Whites in the Midwest. Patients from highly vulnerable neighborhoods also had the highest likelihood of death in the Northeast and Midwest. These results raise important questions on our efforts to curb healthcare disparities and structural racism in the healthcare setting.
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