ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Performance of HIV rapid testing algorithm in Nigeria: Findings from a household-based Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS).
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Performance of national HIV testing algorithms in 14 Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys: accuracy of HIV diagnosis using a two-test strategy, with or without a tie-breaker test, in different prevalence settings, 2015-2022.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Gender disaggregation of the TB care cascade in Nigeria: a four-year retrospective study 2018-2021.Public health action · 2025Article
- DETECTION OF NEW HIV CASES UNDER EPIDEMIC CONTROL - WHEN IS IT THE RIGHT TIME TO REVIEW HIV TESTING ALGORITHMS FOR COUNTRIES NEARING THE 95-95-95 MILESTONES? CASE STUDY -BOTSWANA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Increased cancer risk in HIV-infected individuals occupationally exposed to chemicals: Depression of p53 as the key driver.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Country adoption of WHO 2019 guidance on HIV testing strategies and algorithms: a policy review across the WHO African region.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Vaginal microbiome community state types and high-risk human papillomaviruses in cervical precancer and cancer in North-central Nigeria.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Nigeria national HIV rapid testing algorithm.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
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26 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), a cross-sectional household survey, was conducted in 2018 with primary objectives to estimate HIV prevalence, HIV-1 incidence, and status of UNAIDS 90-90-90 cascade. We conducted retrospective analysis of the performance of HIV rapid tests and the national HIV testing algorithm used in Nigeria.
methodsThe national algorithm included Determine HIV-1/2 as test 1 (T1), Unigold HIV-1/2 as test 2 (T2), and StatPak HIV-1/2 as the tie-breaker test (T3). Individuals reactive with T1 and either T2 or T3 were considered HIV-positive. HIV-positive specimens from the algorithm were further confirmed for the survey using supplemental test Geenius HIV-1/2. If Geenius did not confirm HIV-positive status, HIV-1 Western blot was performed. We calculated the concordance between tests and positive predictive value (PPV) of the algorithm on unweighted data.
resultsOf 204,930 participants (ages ≥18 months) 5,103 (2.5%) were reactive on T1. Serial testing of T1 reactive specimens with T2 or if needed by tiebreaker T3 identified 2958 (1.44%) persons as HIV-positive. Supplemental testing confirmed 2,800 (95%) as HIV-positive (HIV-1 = 2,767 [98.8%]; HIV-2 = 5 [0.2%]; dual infections = 22 [0.8%]). Concordance between T1 and T2 was 56.6% while PPV of the national algorithm was 94.5%.
conclusionsOur results show high discordant rates and poor PPV of the national algorithm with a false-positive rate of about 5.5% in the NAIIS survey. Considering our findings have major implications for HIV diagnosis in routine HIV testing services, additional evaluation of testing algorithm is warranted in Nigeria.
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