ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Menstrual health challenges in the workplace and consequences for women's work and wellbeing: A cross-sectional survey in Mukono, Uganda.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the social impact of menstrual stigma in Spain.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Influence of biological sex and training history on force production and its variability in humans.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Between leaves and lives: Maternal mental health among tea garden workers in Bangladesh and its association with children's behavioural difficulties.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Menstrual practice needs scale for the workplace: validation and associations with well-being among adult women in Kathmandu, Nepal and Nairobi, Kenya.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- School absenteeism during menstruation among adolescent girls in Southern Uganda: A multi-level risk factors analysis.Children and youth services review · 2025Article
- Mapping the health outcomes of menstrual inequity: a comprehensive scoping review.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Impact of the Flo Cycle Tracking App on menstrual knowledge and health in low-income and middle-income countries: a longitudinal study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Experiences of menstrual health in the Nordic countries: a scoping review of qualitative research, applying an intersectional lens.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2024Article
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- Indicators for National and Global Monitoring of Girls' Menstrual Health and Hygiene: Development of a Priority Shortlist.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
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- Monitoring Menstrual Health Knowledge: Awareness of Menstruation at Menarche as an Indicator.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study describes women's menstrual health needs at work in Uganda and explores the associations between unmet needs and women's work and wellbeing. We undertook a cross-sectional survey of women working in marketplaces, public primary schools, and health care facilities in Mukono district, central Uganda. Survey questions were designed to capture women's experiences of managing menstrual bleeding, pain, social support, and the social environment. A total 435 women working in markets, 45 teachers and 45 health care facility workers participated. Of these, 15% missed work due to their last period, and 41% would prefer not to work during menstruation. Unmet menstrual health needs were associated with consequences for women's work and psychological wellbeing. Experiencing menstrual pain (aPR 3.65 95%CI 1.48-9.00), along with the use of improvised menstrual materials (aPR 1.41 95%CI 1.08-1.83), not feeling comfortable to discuss menstruation at work (aPR 1.54 95%CI 1.01-2.34) and the expectation that women should stay home when menstruating (aPR 2.44 95%CI 1.30-4.60) were associated with absenteeism due to menstruation. In contrast, not having menstrual management needs met (aPR 1.45 95%CI 1.17-1.79) and the attitude that menstruating women are dirty (aPR 1.94 95%CI 1.50-2.51), along with pain (aPR 1.59 95%CI 1.12-2.24) and norms around absenteeism were associated with wanting to miss work. After adjustment for age and poverty, unmet menstrual management needs (b = -5.97, 95%CI -8.89, -2.97), pain (b = -3.89, 95%CI -7.71, -0.08) and poor social support (b = -5.40, 95%CI -9.22, -1.57) were associated with lower wellbeing measured using the WHO-5. Attitudes that menstruation should be kept secret (b = 4.48, 95%CI 0.79, 8.17) and is dirty (b = 4.59, 95%CI 0.79, 8.40) were associated with higher wellbeing. Findings suggest that supporting care for menstrual pain, addressing secrecy surrounding menstruation and the perception of menstruation as dirty, and improving access to materials and facilities for managing menstrual bleeding are avenues for programs and policies to support working women.
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Registered trials
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