ArticlePLOS global public health2022
Effects of socioeconomic factors and booking time on the WHO recommended eight antenatal care contacts in Liberia.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- First trimester antenatal care contact in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and contributing factors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Integrating socioeconomic determinants into preterm birth risk prediction: evidence from Northwest China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Predictors of antenatal care utilization among the Rohingya population in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Compliance with ≥ 8 antenatal care contacts and its associated factors among postnatal women attending public health facilities in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Inequalities and Determinants of Quality Antenatal Care Coverage Among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49) in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Data.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Use of eight or more antenatal care contacts and determinants among healthcare providers in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of eight antenatal care contacts among mothers who give birth in Shebel Berenta district, East Gojjam zone, northeast Ethiopia, 2024.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Regional disparities and socio-demographic factors associated with eight or more antenatal care visits in Ghana.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Demographic and economic inequality of antenatal care coverage in 4 African countries with a high maternal mortality rate.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: A non-experimental population-based study.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antenatal care (ANC) is an important intervention that has been linked to reduce maternal and newborn adverse outcomes. However, the long years of war in Liberia may have contributed to the poor health indices including the uptake of maternal health care services. The objective of this study was to determine the marginal interaction effects between booking time and socioeconomic factors in eight or more ANC contacts. A total sample of 4,185 women who had given birth were included in this study. The 2020 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) dataset was analyzed. The outcome variable was eight or more ANC contacts. Percentage and Chi-square test were used in univariate and bivariate analyses respectively. The marginal interaction effects between booking time and socioeconomic factors of eight or more ANC contacts were estimated. The statistical significance was determined at 5%. The weighted prevalence of eight or more ANC contacts was 26.6% (95% CI: 23.8%, 29.6%). The uptake of eight or more ANC contacts increased steadily by increasing women's level of education and household wealth index. Women with higher educational attainment had a prevalence of 49.0% (95%CI: 36.5%, 61.6%) and those in the richest households had an estimated prevalence of 31.4% (95%CI: 24.9%, 38.8%) respectively. Furthermore, the urban dwellers had a weighted eight or more ANC contacts prevalence of 29.0% (95%CI: 24.6%, 34.0%). The key finding is increased marginal interaction effects for higher education and early booking (48.4%), richest households and early booking (35.4%), and urban residential status and early booking (36.2%) respectively. Overall, the prevalence of eight or more ANC contacts was low. However, we found higher coverage of eight or more ANC contacts among women who initiated ANC within the first trimester and among those with higher socioeconomic status. We recommend the Liberian government to design and/or support programmes targeted at promoting early ANC initiation and supporting the disadvantaged women such as the uneducated, poor and those living in rural or remote settings.
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