ArticlePublic health nursing (Boston, Mass.)
Awareness that cocaine can contain fentanyl among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City, 2018-2022.
Article in Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probability of fentanyl adulteration in cocaine selectively decreases cocaine demand.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Exposures to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Prospective cohort study of fentanyl test strip use and distribution in three states: the stay safe study protocol and implementation recommendations for researchers.Harm reduction journal · 2025Observational
- Naloxone Acceptance among Nightclub Attendees in New York City.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Enhancing drug checking services for supply monitoring: perspectives on implementation in syringe service programs in the USA.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- First drug-checking study at an electronic festival and fentanyl detection in the central region of Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Trends in reported and biologically confirmed drug use among people who use ecstasy in the nightclub/festival-attending population, 2016-2022.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence and drug use correlates of inadvertent fentanyl exposure among individuals misusing drugs in seven U.S. states.Journal of addictive diseasesArticle
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
People who attend nightclubs and dance festivals-particularly those that feature electronic dance music (EDM), are at high risk for use of cocaine and other party drugs. Given that cocaine is now sometimes adulterated with fentanyl, this study examines trends in people's knowledge about such risk of adulteration to inform prevention and harm reduction efforts. Adults were surveyed entering randomly selected EDM events (including dance festivals) in New York City in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022 (n = 2107). They were asked whether they agree that some dealers sell cocaine containing fentanyl, and trends in agreement were estimated. Prevalence of agreement that cocaine can be adulterated increased from 42.1% (95% CI: 36.8-47.6) in 2018 to 65.6% (95% CI: 54.1-75.4) in 2022-a 55.8% increase (p < .001). Between 2018 and 2022, particular increases occurred among those not reporting past-year cocaine use (by 61.6%, p < .001), among White individuals (by 68.1%, p < .001), those with some college (by 68.5%, p = .021), and those age ≥26 (by 83.8%, p = .001). Awareness that cocaine can contain fentanyl is increasing in this high-risk population. Continued education is needed for high-risk populations regarding both opioid overdose response and test strips that can test drugs for the presence of fentanyl.
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