ArticleAustralasian journal of ultrasound in medicine2023
The effect of cigarette smoking on first-trimester crown-rump length.
Article in Australasian journal of ultrasound in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental conditions, modifiable lifestyle factors, and first trimester growth and development: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal lifestyle risk factors and human embryonic morphologic development using 3D ultrasound: a population-based prospective cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Clinical ultrasound research influences clinical ultrasound practice.Australasian journal of ultrasound in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Does cigarette smoking impact the embryonic growth rate in the first trimester? Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre observational study of 2912 pregnancies. Women who presented to the early pregnancy and perinatal ultrasound units between 2010 and 2019 were included in the study. The data collected included the following: smoking status, the crown-rump length (CRL) of the pregnancy at the first ultrasound that showed an embryonic heart rate, the gestation in days and the CRL at another ultrasound up to the nuchal translucency scan and the gestation in days. Additional demographic data included the following: age, weight, height, parity and mode of delivery.Of the 2912, complete smoking and demographic data were available for 657 pregnancies. One hundred and thirty-seven (26.3%) were smokers, and 520 (73.7%) were not. The rate of change of smokers vs non-smokers between two CRLs and two different days of gestation was calculated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction was used for statistical analysis. Results: This gives a value of Conclusion: The impact of cigarette smoking on embryonic growth rate detected by CRL in the first trimester is statistically insignificant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.