ArticleScientific reports2023
Eye-movement indices of arousal predict ADHD and comorbid externalizing symptoms over a 2-year period.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdiagnostic eye-tracking biomarkers of inattention across psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Neurobiosensory and Visual Patterns of Attentional and Emotional Functioning in Children Using Machine Learning: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Review
- Introducing the kollaR package: A user-friendly open-access solution for eye-tracking analysis and visualization.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Challenges with shifting, regardless of disengagement: attention mechanisms and eye movements in Williams syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Short-Form Video Media Use Is Associated With Greater Inattentive Symptoms in Thai School-Age Children: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Survey.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Pupillometry reveals hyper-arousal in response to auditory stimuli in autistic children.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) follows a variable course across childhood. Disrupted arousal has been hypothesized to underlie core symptoms as well as comorbid internalizing and externalizing conditions. The current study examined eye-movement and pupil-dilation metrics indexing arousal as longitudinal predictors of ADHD, externalizing, and internalizing symptoms over a 2-year period. Participants aged 8-13 years (N = 54, 30% with a diagnosis of ADHD) completed a modified version of the gap-overlap task including arousal-inducing auditory warning signals. Parents rated symptoms at the time of testing and at 2 years follow-up. Phasic alerting (reaction-time reduction after alerting cues) is an index of arousal. Here, larger phasic alerting effects predicted higher ADHD-symptom levels 2 years later. Blunted pupil-dilation responses predicted externalizing symptoms at T2, controlling for ADHD and externalizing at T1. Our results support the theory that ADHD is associated with altered arousal. Blunted arousal reactivity may be a longitudinal risk factor for externalizing problems in children with ADHD symptoms.
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