Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36959258›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2023

Precise control of liposome size using characteristic time depends on solvent type and membrane properties.

Sunghak Choi, Bongsu Kang, Eunhye Yang, Keesung Kim, Moon Kyu Kwak, Pahn-Shick Chang, Ho-Sup Jung

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldFull text read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sunghak Choi *Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Bongsu Kang *Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Eunhye YangDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Keesung KimResearch Inst. of Advanced. Materials, Collage of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Moon Kyu KwakSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea. mkkwak@knu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-7685
Pahn-Shick ChangCenter for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. pschang@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9645-7010
Ho-Sup JungCenter for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. jhs@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-2256
Seoul National University · KRKyungpook National University · KRTech University of Korea · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Controlling the sizes of liposomes is critical in drug delivery systems because it directly influences their cellular uptake, transportation, and accumulation behavior. Although hydrodynamic focusing has frequently been employed when synthesizing nano-sized liposomes, little is known regarding how flow characteristics determine liposome formation. Here, various sizes of homogeneous liposomes (50-400 nm) were prepared according to flow rate ratios in two solvents, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Relatively small liposomes formed in ethanol due to its low viscosity and high diffusivity, whereas larger, more poly-dispersed liposomes formed when using IPA as a solvent. This difference was investigated via numerical simulations using the characteristic time factor to predict the liposome size; this approach was also used to examine the flow characteristics inside the microfluidic channel. In case of the liposomes, the membrane rigidity also has a critical role in determining their size. The increased viscosity and packing density of the membrane by addition of cholesterol confirmed by fluorescence anisotropy and polarity lead to increase in liposome size (40-530 nm). However, the interposition of short-chain lipids de-aligned the bilayer membrane, leading to its degradation; this decreased the liposome size. Adding short-chain lipids linearly decreased the liposome size (130-230 nm), but at a shallower gradient than that of cholesterol. This analytical study expands the understanding of microfluidic environment in the liposome synthesis by offering design parameters and their relation to the size of liposomes.

Indexed as

EthanolLiposomesCholesterolLipidsParticle SizeSolventsCholesterolEthanolLipidsLiposomesSolvents

Identifiers

PMID36959258
PMCPMC10036480
OpenAlexW4360614012

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.