ArticleBMJ open2023
Active travel to school: a longitudinal millennium cohort study of schooling outcomes.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesAssess longitudinal associations between active travel during the school commute and later educational outcomes.
settingEngland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
participants6778 children, surveyed at ages 7, 11, 14 and 17. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: School-leaver General Certificate of Secondary Education exam scores summed to provide a single measure of educational success.
resultsControlling a range of sociodemographic and health variables, using active versus passive travel modes during a child's commute to school during earlier years predicted differences in school-leaver exam performance at age 16. These effects were mediated through changes in self-esteem, emotional difficulties and behavioural difficulties. Examples include: being driven to school at 11 was associated with improved exam performance at 16 mediated through enhanced self-esteem at 14 (
conclusionThere are differences in school-leaver exam performance linked to travel mode choices earlier in the school career, but these differences are extremely small. There appears to be no realistic educational disadvantage from any given travel mode, strengthening the case for cleaner, healthier modes to become the default.
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