ArticleCell reports2023
Antigen presentation dynamics shape the antibody response to variants like SARS-CoV-2 Omicron after multiple vaccinations with the original strain.
Article in Cell reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Domain arrangement-driven immunogenicity of a computationally designed mRNA vaccine targeting PPE68, IrtA, and PE9 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biophysical trade-offs in antibody evolution are resolved by conformation-mediated epistasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- No more than three PlpE non-overlapping epitopes trigger significant antibody production in individuals vaccinated with theMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Mastering Immunity: Antibody Feedback as a Driver of Germinal Center Fate and Vaccine Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Mechanism for evolution of diverse autologous antibodies upon broadly neutralizing antibody therapy of people with HIV.Cell reports · 2025Article
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- Coordinated early immune response in the lungs is required for effective control of SARS-CoV-2 replication.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoire after successive mRNA vaccinations under immunosuppressive treatment.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape.Nature · 2025Article
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- Anti-immune complex antibodies are elicited during repeated immunization with HIV Env immunogens.Science immunology · 2025Article
- A paradigm shift in simulating affinity maturation to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Minimal framework for optimizing vaccination protocols targeting highly mutable pathogens.Physical review. E · 2024Article
- Modeling memory B cell responses in a lymphoid organ-chip to evaluate mRNA vaccine boosting.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Two-dose priming immunization amplifies humoral immunity by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of an RBD-nucleocapsid fusion protein as a booster candidate for COVID-19 vaccine.iScience · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is not effectively neutralized by most antibodies elicited by two doses of mRNA vaccines, but a third dose increases anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies. We reveal mechanisms underlying this observation by combining computational modeling with data from vaccinated humans. After the first dose, limited antigen availability in germinal centers (GCs) results in a response dominated by B cells that target immunodominant epitopes that are mutated in an Omicron-like variant. After the second dose, these memory cells expand and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies that are thus ineffective for such variants. However, these pre-existing antigen-specific antibodies transport antigen efficiently to secondary GCs. They also partially mask immunodominant epitopes. Enhanced antigen availability and epitope masking in secondary GCs together result in generation of memory B cells that target subdominant epitopes that are less mutated in Omicron. The third dose expands these cells and boosts anti-variant neutralizing antibodies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.