ArticleInternational ophthalmology2023
Functional epiphora: an under-reported entity.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comparative study of irrigation techniques and the development of a self-serve training model for ophthalmology residents.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Clinical Predictors of Surgical Management in Patients with Chronic Epiphora: A CT-DCG-Supported Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Functional or Dysfunctional Epiphora? A Reminder for Refined TerminologyTurkish journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Pain management in lacrimal lavage: insights from a comparative study.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Behavior and outcomes of 141 acquired lacrimal sac mucoceles treatedInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Interventions in functional epiphora-a systematic review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: impact of long-standing disease on surgical outcomes.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Observational
- Delayed Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis of Lacrimal Sac Tumors in Patients Presenting with Epiphora: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the etiology of epiphora in a tertiary Australian lacrimal clinic and highlight the high proportion of 'functional' cases.
methodsSingle-center retrospective review: Records of adult patients presenting to a tertiary lacrimal clinic from January 2011 to February 2021 with epiphora were reviewed. Patients underwent testing with syringing/probing and lacrimal imaging to reach a diagnosis of functional epiphora. Functional epiphora was diagnosed based on the exclusion of alternate causes of epiphora on clinical examination, patent lacrimal syringing, normal dacryocystography, and delay on dacryoscintigraphy.
resultsFive hundred and seventy-six symptomatic eyes of 372 adult patients (mean 66.2 ± 15.5 years, 63.4% females) with epiphora were evaluated for causes. Post-sac obstruction (stenosis/complete obstruction) and functional epiphora (non-anatomical delay) were the most common causes of presentations to the lacrimal clinic (26% each). Functional epiphora with post-sac delay was substantially more common than functional epiphora with pre-sac delay (89% vs. 11% of functional epiphora cases). In 16% of the cases, no cause for the epiphora was found while more than one cause (multifactorial) was present 11% of the time.
conclusionFunctional epiphora was found to be as common as a nasolacrimal anatomical obstruction when lacrimal imaging is utilized.
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