SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2023
PD-L1 expression as biomarker of efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic triple negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an umbrella meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety, and PD-L1-defined outcomes of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- SEOM-GEICAM-SOLTI clinical guidelines in advanced breast cancer (UPDATE 2025).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Guideline
- Positivity Rate of PD-L1 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Vulvar Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The predictive value of PD-L1 expression in response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular classification and biomarkers of outcome with immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: analyses of the CASPIAN phase 3 study.Molecular cancer · 2024Trial
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Strategies to target PD-1/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Review
- Murine models for triple-negative breast cancer with differential responsiveness to immunotherapy.Journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy innovations in triple-negative breast cancer: targeting checkpoints, combinations, and biomarkers.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Dual targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and iL-33/ST2 signalling pathways: a promising approach in breast cancer immunotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- PD-L1 targeting in triple negative breast cancer: in silico and in vitro validation of wasp venom peptide MP-1.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Formulation Strategies for Immunomodulatory Natural Products in 3D Tumor Spheroids and Organoids: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Indications of Pembrolizumab in Eight Common Cancers: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Tumour- and Non-Tumour-Associated Factors That Modulate Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: current trends and future prospects.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- Correlation analysis of DLG5 and PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) checkpoint have been approved for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) in patients positive for PD-L1 expression. Negative results from the recent phase III trials (IMPassion131 and IMPassion132) have raises questions on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors and the predictive value of PD-L1 expression. Here we attempt to systematically analyze the biomarker value of PD-L1 expression for predicting the response of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in mTNBC. Materials and methods: PubMed database was searched until Dec 2021 for studies evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors plus/minus chemotherapy in mTNBC. Outcome of interest included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4. was used for data-analysis. Results: In total, 20 clinical trials comprising 3962 mTNBC patients (ICT: 2665 (67%); CT: 1297 (33%) were included in this study. Overall ORR was 22% (95%CI, 14-30%) and significant improvement was observed for PD-L1+ patients (ORR 1.78 [95%CI, 1.45-2.19], p<0.00001) as compared to PD-L1- cohort. Pooled outcome also indicated a significant 1-year PFS and 2-year OS advantage for patients with PD-L1 expression (1-year PFS: ORR 1.39 [95%CI, 1.04-1.85], p=0.02; I Conclusions: PD-L1 expression can predict objective response rate and 2-year OS in mTNBC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. One-year PFS is also predicted in selected patients. PD-L1 expression can be a useful biomarker of efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in mTNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.