ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2023
Reliability and validity of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index in a sample of patients with frozen shoulder.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Added Value of Neural Mobilization Techniques to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: Randomized Controlled Trial.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Trial
- Article
- Article
- Psychological Factors, Central Sensitization, and Insomnia as Potential Prognostic Factors for Short-Term Pain and Disability in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Multicentric Prospective Single-Cohort Study.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Validity and Reliability of Bengali Language Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Version on Patients With Frozen Shoulder at a Rehabilitation Centre in Bangladesh: A Validation Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Surgical approaches of shoulder calcific tendonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2024Review
- Article
- Comparative effectiveness of low-level laser therapy versus muscle energy technique among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder: a study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Psychometric properties of the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) in subjects with frozen shoulder: a reliability and validity study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- The Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Frozen Shoulder: Expert Insights on Developing a Screening Tool.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Shoulder and Pain Disability Index (SPADI) is a widely used outcome measure. The aim of this study is to explore the reliability and validity of SPADI in a sample of patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder.
methodsThe SPADI was administered to 124 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder. A sub-group of 29 patients were retested after 7 days. SPADI scores were correlated with other outcome measures (i.e., Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire - DASH; Numerical Pain Rating Scale-NPRS; and 36-item Short Form Health Survey-SF-36) to examine construct validity. Structural validity was assessed by a Two-Factors Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error were also analyzed.
resultsThe construct validity was satisfactory as seven out of eight of the expected correlations formulated (≥ 75%) for the subscales were satisfied. The CFA showed good values of all indicators for both Pain and Disability subscales (Comparative Fit Index = 0.999; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.997; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.030). Internal consistency was good for pain (α = 0.859) and disability (α = 0.895) subscales. High test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) was found for pain (ICC = 0.989 [95% Confidence Interval (CI = 0.975-0.995]) and disability (ICC = 0.990 [95% CI = 0.988-0.998]). Standard Error of Measurement values of 2.27 and 2.32 and Minimal Detectable Change values of 6.27 and 6.25 were calculated for pain and disability subscales, respectively.
conclusionThe SPADI demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity properties in a sample of patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.