ArticleBMJ open2023
Social support, distress and well-being in individuals experiencing Long-COVID: a cross-sectional survey study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial Aspects of the Lived Experience of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Pooled it
- Long COVID symptoms and loneliness: findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Relationship Between Fatigue, Perceived Social Support and Symptomatology of Long-COVID Patients in Spain.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2025Observational
- Long COVID Patients' Perceptions of Social Support in Their Work and Personal Lives: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Episodic disability framework in the context of Long COVID: Findings from a community-engaged international qualitative study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring social determinants of health and their impacts on self-reported quality of life in long COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Parallel Mediating Effects of Sleep Quality, Psychological Distress, and Self-Stigma in the Associations Between Long COVID Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Taiwanese Individuals With Mental Health Illness.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIncreasingly attention of the COVID-19 pandemic is directed towards its long-term effects, also known as Long-COVID. So far, Long-COVID was examined mainly from a medical perspective, leaving psychosocial effects of Long-COVID understudied. The present study advances the current literature by examining social support in the context of Long-COVID. The study not only examines received support reported by individuals with Long-COVID, but also provided support reported by relatives of individuals with Long-COVID.
designCross-sectional study.
settingThe study was conducted from June to October 2021 in Austria, Germany and the German-speaking part of Switzerland.
participantsWe examined 256 individuals with Long-COVID (M PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were positive and negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceived stress.
resultsFor individuals with Long-COVID, receiving emotional support was related to higher well-being (positive affect: b=0.29, p<0.01; negative affect: b=-0.31, p<0.05) and less distress (anxiety: b=-1.45, p<0.01; depressive symptoms: b=-1.04, p<0.05; perceived stress: b=-0.21, p<0.05) but no effects emerged for receiving practical support. For relatives of individuals with Long-COVID, providing emotional support was only related to lower depressive symptoms (b=-2.57, p<0.05). Again, provided practical support was unrelated to the outcomes considered.
conclusionsEmotional support is likely to play an important role in well-being and distress of patients and relatives, whereas practical support does not seem to make a difference. Future research should clarify under what conditions different kinds of support unfold their positive effects on well-being and distress in the context of Long-COVID.
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