Observational studyBMJ open2023
Ambient air pollutants in the first trimester of pregnancy and birth defects: an observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of congenital limb defects in offspring.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Ambient Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Disease: Updated Evidence and Future Challenges.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Spatial Epidemiologic Analysis of Fetal Birth Defects in Guangxi, China.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Evidence of the correlation between air pollution and different types of birth defects: based on a distribution-lag non-linear model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Climate Change on Reproductive Health and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- How Can Outdoor Air Pollutants Adversely Affect the Women's Fertility? Systematic Review.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAs current studies on the relationships between air pollutants exposure during the first trimester and birth defects were not fully elucidated, this study aimed to assess the association between selected air pollutants and birth defects.
designAn observational study.
participantsWe obtained 70 854 singletons with gestational age <20 weeks who were delivered at a large maternal and child healthcare centre in Wuhan, China. OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth defects data and daily average concentration of ambient particulate matter ≤10 µm diameter (PM
resultsThere were a total of 1352 birth defect cases included in this study, with a prevalence of 19.08‰. Maternal exposed to high concentrations of PM
conclusionsThis study showed unfavourable effects of air pollutants exposure during the first trimester on birth defects. Especially, the association between maternal PM
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.