ArticleJournal of osteopathic medicine2023
Trends and forecasted rates of adverse childhood experiences among adults in the United States: an analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Article in Journal of osteopathic medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Doubly Robust Machine Learning Procedure to Estimate Disparities by Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidality.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Trends in prevalence of adverse childhood experiences by sociodemographic factors in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2009-2022.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Measurement Invariance of Adverse Childhood Experiences Across Teacher Age and Race.Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextMany studies have shown increases in negative social aspects in the United States that may increase the likelihood of a child experiencing adversity. These rising trends include household dysfunction, poor mental health and substance use, crime rates, and incarceration. Additionally, the pathway of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may also perpetuate intergenerational trauma.
objectivesGiven these increased trends, our objective was to determine the mean ACEs reported among adults by year of birth to assess trends of ACEs over time.
methodsTo assess ACEs trends in the United States, we utilized data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a nationally representative survey. We summed individuals' reported ACEs and then calculated the mean ACE score within age cohorts (in 1-year increments) by year of birth. We utilized an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast mean ACEs through 2030.
resultsRespondents to the ACEs module (n=116,378) represented 63,076,717 adults in the United States, with an average age cohort of 1715 individuals. The mean reported ACEs among individuals 80 years or older (born in or before 1940) was 0.79, while the highest mean ACEs (2.74) were reported among the cohort born in 1998-an average increase of 0.022 ACEs per year. The ARIMA model forecasted that individuals born in 2018 will, on average, surpass a cumulative of three ACEs.
conclusionsGiven the connection of ACEs to poor health outcomes and quality of life, this trend is alarming and provides evidence for the necessity of child maltreatment prevention. Multigenerational trauma-informed care and education are warranted for individuals with ACEs and may even prevent the cycle from recurring.
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