ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2023
The coronal plane alignment of the knee classification does not correlate with the functional knee phenotype classification.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Article
- Improved clinical outcomes when maintaining a neutral joint line obliquity at high tibial osteotomy and subsequent total knee arthroplasty.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Low bilateral consistency restricts the utility of the contralateral CPAK as a reliable reference for planning coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Changes in coronal plane alignment of the knee classification do not significantly influence outcomes after restricted kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Biplanar radiographic analysis of knee alignment: a stepwise approach for phenotype classification and knee arthroplasty planning.EFORT open reviews · 2025Review
- Phenotyping the knee joint-A critical appraisal of CPAK for alignment classification.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Distribution of coronal plane alignment of the knee and functional knee phenotype classification in the Thai arthritic population and correlation with other Asian populations.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Article
- Optimizing uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty: the impact of preoperative planning and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Comparative impact of high tibial osteotomy and supramalleolar osteotomy on limb alignment and ankle function: a retrospective study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Phenotypes and Distal Femoral Rotation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The CPAK classification in three-dimensional measurements is consistent with those in two-dimensional measurements.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Impact of change in coronal plane alignment of knee (CPAK) classification on outcomes of robotic-assisted TKA.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2024Article
- Imageless robotic total knee arthroplasty determines similar coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) parameters to long leg radiographs.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2024Article
- Gender-specific distribution of knee morphology according to CPAK and functional phenotype classification: analysis of 8739 osteoarthritic knees prior to total knee arthroplasty using artificial intelligence.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
purposeIt is now well established that the coronal anatomy of the lower limb is highly variable both in non-arthritic subjects and subjects undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two new classifications were recently described independently, but never compared: functional knee phenotypes classification and coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification. The hypothesis of this study was that there was a significant difference between the values of the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) measures in the same patient at the time of TKA.
methodsFive hundred and twenty cases were randomly selected among patients operated on for a TKA with navigation assistance. Anatomical parameters were collected during surgery by a navigation system, and the corresponding data of the CPAK classification were calculated. The numerical values of measured HKA and aHKA in the same patient were compared.
resultsThe measured HKA had a mean of 3.0° varus (standard deviation of 6.0°). The calculated aHKA had a mean of 1.8° varus (standard deviation 4.8°). There was a significant difference between the values of the two measurements in the same subject (p = 0.005) and a weak negative correlation between the values of the two measurements in the same subject. In addition, there was no relationship between HKA values and joint line obliquity values or CPAK class.
conclusionA significant difference and a weak correlation between the values of the HKA and aHKA measures in the same subject were observed. The two analysis techniques used provide different information, and their correlation is only partial. These two techniques therefore appear to be complementary rather than exclusive. The clinical relevance of using these techniques during TKA remains unknown. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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