ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2023
Impact of Early-Life Factors on Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of family genetic risk scores and environmental factors on risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic Risk and Resilience for Schizophrenia Stratified by Perinatal Gene Expression Predict Adult Cognitive Performance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fingerprints Encode Risk for Bipolarity.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Lung function predicts mortality in people with serious mental illness: A 6-year follow-up study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Sex differences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: insights from the DiAPAson study using a data-driven approach.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association between the number of pregnancies and hearing loss: NHANES 1999-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Recent findings and future directions for the intersection of genetic and environmental contributions to schizophrenia.Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society · 2025Article
- Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration in early-onset schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Investigating the Influence of Birth Month on the Incidence of Burning Mouth Syndrome.Oral diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of traumatic brain injury on risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- Environmental risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from childhood to diagnosis: a Swedish nested case-control study.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Bipolar Disorder.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and hypothesisSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have shared genetic risk and clinical symptoms, yet the extent to which environmental risk factors are shared is not well known. We aimed to examine the associations of early-life environmental exposures with the risk of SCZ and BD. STUDY
designWe conducted a Swedish register-based nested case-control study using 4184 SCZ and 18 681 BD cases diagnosed 1988-2013, individually matched to 5 population-based controls by birth year, sex and birthplace. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of SCZ and BD by seasonality, severe prenatal infections, and perinatal factors. STUDY
resultsSeasonality had similar patterns of risk for both disorders: Higher risk for births November-December; lower risk April-June. Experiencing any perinatal factor was associated with a significantly higher risk of SCZ (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.19, 95%CI 1.11-1.63) and to a lesser extent BD (IRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05-1.12). Prenatal infections were only associated with a greater risk of SCZ (IRR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04-1.63). In the mutually adjusted model, only perinatal factors were associated with outcomes. Several perinatal factors were associated with both disorders, but estimates were significantly higher for SCZ for low birth weight, low APGAR, and high parity. Congenital malformations were only associated with risk of SCZ, and jaundice with BD.
conclusionsAdverse perinatal factors and winter birth were the risk factors for both disorders, while severe prenatal infections were only risk a factor for SCZ. Early-life exposures were associated with a higher risk of both disorders, but may play a larger role in the development of SCZ than BD.
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