ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2023
Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among American veterans.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- A dose-response meta-analysis of physical activity and the risk of alzheimer's disease in prospective studies.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of a Dementia Diagnosis in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Normal MMSE Scores in the United States.American journal of medicine open · 2026Article
- Rising energetic cost of walking predicts cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Trajectories of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured by Metabolic Equivalents and the Risk of Alzheimer's and Related Dementias.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Association among cardiorespiratory fitness, plasma biomarkers of pathology and astrocyte reactivity, and cognition in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- The relationship between leisure time physical activity patterns, Alzheimer's disease markers and cognition.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Observational and genetic associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and age-related diseases: longitudinal analyses in the UK Biobank study.The EPMA journal · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding Motor Impairments.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Patterns of Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Their Association With Dementia Risk: The HUNT Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition in Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From the Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training (ACT) Trial: Sex Differences.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2024Article
- The Association between Levels of Physical Activity and Lifestyle, Life Expectancy, and Quality of Life in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Hybrid Value-Aware Transformer Architecture for Joint Learning from Longitudinal and Non-Longitudinal Clinical Data.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Hybrid Value-Aware Transformer Architecture for Joint Learning from Longitudinal and Non-Longitudinal Clinical Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Long-term changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among US Veterans.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with improved health and survival. Less is known about its association with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
methodsWe identified 649,605 US veterans 30 to 95 years of age and free of ADRD who completed a standardized exercise tolerance test between 2000 and 2017 with no evidence of ischemia. We examined the association between five age- and sex-specific CRF categories and ADRD incidence using multivariate Cox regression models.
resultsDuring up to 20 (median 8.3) years of follow-up, incident ADRD occurred in 44,105 (6.8%) participants, with an incidence rate of 7.7/1000 person-years. Compared to the least-fit, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident ADRD were: 0.87 (0.85-0.90), 0.80 (0.78-0.83), 0.74 (0.72-0.76), and 0.67 (0.65-0.70), for low-fit, moderate-fit, fit, and high-fit individuals, respectively. DISSCUSSION: These findings demonstrate an independent, inverse, and graded association between CRF and incident ADRD. Future studies may determine the amount and duration of physical activity needed to optimize ADRD risk reduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.