Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36945145›Full record

ArticlePediatric obesity2023

Children's activity and diet behaviours in the summer holidays versus school year.

Amanda Watson, Carol Maher, Rebecca Golley, Dot Dumuid, Alexandra Manson, Grant Tomkinson, Francois Fraysse, Tim Olds

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric obesity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Health effects of children's summer holiday programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Free summer programming on elementary-aged children's food and beverage consumption: a randomized clinical trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Trial
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  6. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Amanda WatsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9058-3435
Carol MaherAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Rebecca GolleyCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Dot DumuidAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Alexandra MansonCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Grant TomkinsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Francois FraysseAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Tim OldsAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvidence shows children gain more weight during the summer holidays versus the school year.

objectivesTo examine within-child differences in activity and diet behaviours during the summer holidays versus the school year.

methodsChildren (mean age 9.4 years; 37% male) wore accelerometers (GENEActiv; n = 133), reported activities (Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents; n = 133) and parents reported child diet (n = 133) at five timepoints over 2 years capturing school and summer holiday values. Mixed-effects models were used to compare school and summer holiday behaviours.

resultsChildren spent less time in moderate- to vigorous-physical activity (-12 min/day; p = 0.001) and sleep (-12 min/day; p < 0.001) and more time sedentary (+27 min/day; p < 0.001) during summer holidays versus the school year. Screentime (+70 min/day; p < 0.001), domestic/social activities (+43 min/day; p = <0.001), self-care (+24 min/day; p < 0.001), passive transport (+22 min/day; p = 0.001) and quiet time (+16 min/day; p = 0.012) were higher during the summer holidays, compensating for less time in school-related activities (-164 min/day; p < 0.001). Diet quality was lower (-4 points; p < 0.001) and children consumed fewer serves of fruit (-0.4 serves; p < 0.001) during the summer holidays versus the school year.

conclusionsChildren are displaying poorer activity and diet behaviours during the summer holidays, which may contribute to accelerated weight gain over the holiday period.

Indexed as

DietHolidaysAdolescentChildFemaleFruitHumansMaleSchoolsWeight Gainchild healthphysical activitysedentary behavioursummer effects on weight gain

Identifiers

PMID36945145
PMCPMC10909460

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.