ArticleCritical care (London, England)2023
Large language models and the perils of their hallucinations.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Large language models in obesity: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- The Accuracy and Capability of Artificial Intelligence Solutions in Health Care Examinations and Certificates: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in national licensing examinations for medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Human-AI collaboration in large language model-assisted brain MRI differential diagnosis: a usability study.European radiology · 2025Trial
- Misaligned by design: evaluating and deploying generative AI for the real-world conditions of primary care: a Nordic and European perspective.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Real-world use and evaluation of a generative AI chatbot for Parkinson's disease information: a prospective observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Large language models for tympanostomy patient education: readability and guideline adherence.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- A pragmatic risk-stratified framework for using large language models in intensive care medicine: A narrative review.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Review
- Hallucination Rate of Peer-Reviewed Citations Generated by Large Language Models in Neurocritical Care.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Intelligent Framework for Adverse Drug Event Identification Using Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Development and Evaluation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Performance of large language models in mitral valve surgery patient education: a comparative analysis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Confidence Measurement Metrics in Multimodal Large Language Models for Ultrasound-Based Radiology Cases: Comparative Evaluation Study of Self-Reported, Consistency-Based, and Hybrid Methods.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Large language model-based scribing tools for ophthalmology: performance and safety evaluation using simulated clinical encounters.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Patient-Facing Radiology Communication with LLMs: Calibration Deficit and the Metadata Paradox.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Large Language Models for Clinical Narrative Processing: Methods, Applications, and Challenges.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- The application of large language models in orthopedic postgraduate education: potentials, challenges, and future prospects.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- From algorithms to empathy: can large language models effectively answer patients' questions in restorative dentistry?BMC oral health · 2026Article
- New model, old risks: sociodemographic bias and adversarial hallucinations vulnerability in GPT-5.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Couple and Family Therapy: Introduction of the AI Competencies.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2026Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.