ArticleBMC geriatrics2023
Validation of the questionnaire for medical checkup of old-old (QMCOO) score cutoff to diagnose frailty.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Machine Learning-Derived Risk Scorecard for Pneumonia Hospitalization in Japanese Old-Old Adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Renal function and comprehensive frailty in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Low Body Mass Index Increases Frailty Risk in Old-Old Adults: Findings From a 3-Year Longitudinal Study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between Frailty, Locomotive Syndrome, and Participation Frequency in a Long-Term Care Prevention Program among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A Sex-Specific Analysis.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Article
- Whether a polyethylene terephthalate bottle cap can be opened could serve as a common indicator for locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2025Article
- Relationship between decreased activities of daily living, decreased physical strength and future weight loss in community-dwelling older adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2025Article
- Association between Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Indicators of Reflecting Independent Living among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between Internet Use and Locomotive Syndrome, Frailty, and Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Frailty determined by the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old is correlated with increased healthcare cost: Using the Japanese health insurance database system.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrailty is a state of increased vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis following a stress. Early diagnosis and intervention of frailty are essential to prevent its adverse outcomes. However, simple diagnostic criteria have not been established. The Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO) is widely used for medical checkups of older adults in Japan. In our previous report, we developed a method to score the QMCOO and showed that frailty can be diagnosed with the highest accuracy when the score cutoff was set at 3/4 points. We aimed to validate the criteria in a larger cohort.
methodsParticipants aged 65 years or over were recruited in the western region of Japan. They answered all the items of the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the QMCOO. Based on the KCL score, they were diagnosed as robust (3 or lower), prefrail (4 to 7), or frail (8 or over). Then we tested the effectiveness to diagnose frailty using the QMCOO cutoff of 3/4 points. We also aimed to determine the score cutoff to separate robust and prefrail.
results7,605 participants (3,458 males and 4,147 females, age 77.4 ± 6.9 years) were recruited. 3,665 participants were diagnosed as robust, 2,448 were prefrail, and 1,492 were frail based on the KCL score. The diagnosis of frailty had a sensitivity of 84.0%, specificity of 82.5%, and accuracy of 82.8% with a QMCOO score cutoff of 3/4 points, suggesting its validity. To separate robust and prefrail, both the accuracy and the Youden index were the highest with the QMCOO cutoff of 2/3 points (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 63.9%, 83.4%, and 75.6%, respectively). All the questions of the QMCOO except Q12 (about smoking) were significantly related to prefrailty status after a logistic regression analysis.
conclusionDiagnosis of frailty using the QMCOO score cutoff of 3/4 points was validated. Prefrailty could be diagnosed using the score cutoff of 2/3 points.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.