Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36944928›Full record

SynthesisBMC nephrology2023

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in South Africa - limitations of studies comparing prevalence with sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, and globally.

Sudesh Hariparshad, Rajendra Bhimma, Louansha Nandlal, Edgar Jembere, Saraladevi Naicker, Alain Assounga

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In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  18. Kidney international reports · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sudesh HariparshadDepartment of Nephrology, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Sudeshph@yahoo.com.
Rajendra BhimmaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Mandela School of Medicine, Nelson R, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Louansha NandlalDiscipline of Optics and Imaging, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Edgar JembereSchool of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Saraladevi NaickerDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Alain AssoungaDepartment of Nephrology, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a globally significant non-communicable disorder. CKD prevalence varies between countries and within a country. We compared the prevalence rates of CKD in South Africa with sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, and globally.

methodsWe registered a systematic review with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews for prevalence studies reporting CKD stages III-V from 2013 to 2021. The analysis sought to explain any significant differences in prevalence rates. The R statistical package was used for data analysis. Comparisons included measures of effect size due to the large sample sizes analysed. We also compared sex differences in prevalence rates, common aetiologies, and type of study methodologies employed.

resultsEight studies were analysed, with two from each region. The matched prevalence rates of CKD between the various regions and South Africa showed significant differences, except for one comparison between South Africa and an African study [p = 0.09 (95% CI - 0.04-0.01)]. Both sub-Saharan African studies had a higher prevalence than South Africa. One study in Africa had a higher prevalence, while the other had a lower prevalence, whilst one Global study had a higher prevalence, and the other had a lower prevalence compared to South Africa. The statistical differences analysed using the Cramer's V test were substantially less than 0.1. Thus, differences in comparisons were largely due to differences in sample sizes rather than actual differences.

conclusionVariable prevalence rates between regions included disparities in sample size, definitions of CKD, lack of chronicity testing and heterogeneous laboratory estimations of eGFR. Improved consistency and enhanced methods for diagnosing and comparing CKD prevalence are essential.

Indexed as

Renal Insufficiency, ChronicFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSouth AfricaAfricaAlbuminuriaChronic kidney diseaseCohortCross-sectionalEpidemiologyGlobalMeta-analysisNephropathyPrevalenceProteinuriaRenal impairmentRenal insufiencySouth AfricaStage III-V CKDSub-saharan AfricaSystematic reviews

Identifiers

PMID36944928
PMCPMC10029276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read110
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.