ReviewJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2023
Characterization of immunomodulatory factors and cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.
Review in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Functional study of peripheral blood CD8 + T cells in Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: from pathophysiological window to a precision diagnostic tool.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- [Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, and Multimodal Early Warning Strategies for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis: Key Insights for Pulmonologists.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Management of Pulmonary Toxicities Associated with Systemic Therapy in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- The potential role of lung microbiota and lauroylcarnitine in T-cell activation associated with checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- The application of bronchoscopy in the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis severity and recurrence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve the Management of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used, a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported, including immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-pneumonitis). The incidence of ICI-pneumonitis is higher in reality than in clinical trials. The diagnosis is challenging, mainly based on clinical and imaging features, and requires the exclusion of other causes. The data on the biological mechanisms of ICI-pneumonitis are scarce, resulting in little knowledge of the best treatment for ICI-pneumonitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be helpful to identify the biological differences or find predictive biomarkers, and may in turn help to develop phenotype-specific targeted drugs to treat ICI-pneumonitis. Herein, we outline the characterization of immunomodulatory factors and cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for ICI-pneumonitis. Through careful sorting and literature review, we find crosstalk between pathogenic Th17/Th1 cells (i.e., Th17.1) and pro-inflammatory monocytes, and activation of Th17(/Th1)/IL-17A (/IFN-γ) pathways may play a key role in the pathogenesis of ICI-pneumonitis. Disruption of the interaction between pathogenic Th17/Th1 cells and pro-inflammatory monocytes (such as, anti-IL-23) may be a potential treatment for ICI-pneumonitis. We first describe the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of ICI-pneumonitis, hoping to contribute to the optimization of diagnosis and treatment, as well as provide readers with research inspiration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.