ArticleJournal of patient-reported outcomes2023
The health impact of long COVID: a cross-sectional examination of health-related quality of life, disability, and health status among individuals with self-reported post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection at various points of recovery.
Article in Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life correlates with patient-reported and proxy-reported disability in critical illness survivors: a secondary analysis of the ERIC trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Neuroretinal Alterations in Persistent COVID-19: A Two-Year OCT Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Vascular inflammation in neuropsychiatric long COVID.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: a vignette study.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Impact of post-exertional malaise frequency and fatigue in Long COVID patients on health-related quality of life.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Ocular Symptoms in Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- A comparison of allied healthcare versus no allied healthcare on participation, fatigue, physical functioning and health-related quality of life for patients with persistent complaints after a COVID-19 infection.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and headache before and after long COVID onset: a case-control study in the total population of Region Stockholm.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Living With Long COVID: Everyday Experiences, Health Information Barriers and Patients' Quality of Life.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- The Development and Initial Validation of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Long COVID (MSAS-LC): A Promising Tool for Measuring Long COVID.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Differences in Long COVID severity by duration of illness, symptom evolution, and vaccination: a longitudinal cohort study from the INSPIRE group.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Health Preferences in Transition: Differences from Pandemic to Post-Pandemic in Valuation of COVID-19 and RSV Illness in Children and Adults.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The health-related quality of life among survivors with post-COVID conditions in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- Functional disabilities and adverse well-being by COVID-19 and Long COVID history and employment status: 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.American journal of industrial medicine · 2024Article
- An ecological comparison to inspect the aftermath of post COVID-19 condition in Italy and the United States.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quantifying the impact of post-acute sequelae of coronavirus on the cardiopulmonary endurance of athletes.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has continued to present a significant burden to global public health efforts. The purpose of this study was to estimate the health-related quality of life, disability, and health status of individuals with self-reported long COVID at various lengths of recovery.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey of individuals with self-reported long COVID. Participants were asked to complete the five-item EuroQOL EQ-5D-5L and EQ visual analog scale, the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and the 10-item Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health v1.2 short form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize the responses and differences across groups.
resultsEighty-two participants from 13 countries completed the EQ-5D-5L, 73 completed the WHODAS 2.0 and 80 participants completed the PROMIS. The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.51. The mean WHODAS score was 49.0. In the previous 30 days, participants reported their symptoms affected them for a mean of 24 days, they were totally unable to carry out usual activities for 15 days, and they cut back or reduced activities for 26 days. The mean PROMIS physical health and mental health scores were 10.7 and 8.6, respectively, corresponding to below-average health. No significant differences were detected across time or according to severity of acute infection.
conclusionsLong COVID presents a significant chronic health burden to adults in the US and abroad. This health burden may persist for many months post-acute infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.