ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2023
Salivary levels of disease-related biomarkers in the early stages of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease:
Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic performance of salivary markers of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Salivary Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Diagnostic Tools and Their Association with Periodontal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Salivary total tau: a clinically practical measure of tau neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Emerging biomarkers for Parkinson's disease in biological fluids.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Proteome-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Old Acquisitions and Innovative Proposals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Parkinson's disease: an integrative bioinformatics and machine learning analysis reveals tryptophan metabolism-associated gene biomarkers.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Salivary levels of amyloid beta reflect brain amyloid beta burden in cognitively-normal older adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- An Update of Salivary Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Salivary Signature for Low-Severity COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unexpected multiple sclerosis-like symptoms in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with Etanercept: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: What Has Been Undertaken to Promote the Transition from PET to Fluorescence Tracers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: current view.Frontiers in cognition · 2024Review
- Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions.Biomolecules · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Finding a non-invasive and repeatable tool has been recommended to make an accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: 70 volunteers participated in three groups: 24 with mild dementia of AD, 24 in the first and second stages of PD, and 22 healthy controls. After valuing the scores of cognitive tests, the salivary levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total alpha-synuclein (α-syn), and beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ) proteins have been evaluated. Finally, the cutoff points, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), sensitivity, and specificity have been calculated to find accurate and detectable biomarkers. Results: Findings showed that the salivary level of Aβ was higher in both PD (p < 0.01) and AD (p < 0.001) patients than in controls. Moreover, the level of α-syn in both PD and AD patients was similarly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). However, the level of p-tau was only higher in the AD group than in the control (p < 0.01). Salivary Aβ 1-42 level at a 60.3 pg/ml cutoff point revealed an excellent performance for diagnosing AD (AUC: 0.81). Conclusion: Evaluation of p-tau, α-syn, and Aβ 1-42 levels in the saliva of AD and PD patients could help the early diagnosis. The p-tau level might be valuable for differentiation between AD and PD. Therefore, these hopeful investigations could be done to reduce the usage of invasive diagnostic methods, which alone is a success in alleviating the suffering of AD and PD patients. Moreover, introducing accurate salivary biomarkers according to the pathophysiology of AD and PD should be encouraged.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.