ArticleJournal of inflammation research2023
Association Between Salivary Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors and Salivary Gland Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Health in Early and Advanced Stages (1-4) of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Developmental Programming of Kidney Disease Across the Life Course: A Narrative Review Focused on Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Untargeted salivary metabolomics for pediatric chronic kidney disease diagnosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dental caries, oral hygiene and salivary characteristics in children with chronic kidney disease: a case-control study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Observational
- Assessment of Eotaxin Concentration in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Salivary chemokines and growth factors in patients with ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinctive blood and salivary proteomics signatures in Qatari individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of cooling and Moringa supplementation on oxidative stress in serum and milk, including milk cytokines, in heat stressed lactating sows and their litters.Translational animal science · 2025Article
- The screening assessment of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in saliva of patients with ischemic stroke.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Oral hygiene indices and chronic kidney disease in children: Systematic review andThe Saudi dental journal · 2024Review
- Selected Saliva-Derived Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Elevated in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Saliva-Based Protein Analysis in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Salivary diagnostics: opportunities and challenges.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Association of Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) in Saliva, Serum, and Urine with Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Children: A Case-Control Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to multiple organ complications not only in the kidneys and the cardiovascular system, but also in the oral cavity. CKD children experience reduced saliva secretion (hyposalivation), which leads to increased incidence of dental caries and significant impairment of patients' quality of life. However, the causes of salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD are unknown. The present study is the first to evaluate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile in the saliva of children with CKD at different stages of renal failure with normal and reduced salivary gland function. Methods: Thirty children with CKD (age 9-16) and thirty age- and gender-matched healthy children were classified for the study. Salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile were assayed using the multiplex ELISA assay. Results: We demonstrated statistically significant changes in salivary pro-inflammatory (↑TNF-α, ↓IL-7), anti-inflammatory (↑IL-10), Th1 (↑INF-γ, ↑IL-15), Th2 (↑IL-4, ↑IL-5, ↑IL-6, ↑IL-9) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines as well as chemokines (↑MCP-1/CCL-2, ↑MIP-1α/CCL3, ↓MIP-1β/CCL4, ↓EOTAXIN/CCL11) and growth factors (↑G-CSF, ↑FGF) in unstimulated saliva of children with CKD compared to the controls. Although the evaluation of the salivary inflammatory profile does not indicate a particular dominance of any of the branches of the immune system, we observed a statistically significant increase in the concentration of all Th2 cytokines assayed. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines and growth factors depends on the secretory function of the salivary glands, ie, salivary flow, total protein concentration and amylase activity in the saliva. Salivary MIP-1α/CCL3 was the most effective to differentiate children with CKD and hyposalivation from patients with normal saliva secretion. Discussion: Inflammation is involved in salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD, although further studies on in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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