ArticleBMC cancer2023
Interaction between PD-L1 and soluble VEGFR1 in glioblastoma-educated macrophages.
Article in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- β-elemene enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitor in lung cancer by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to M1 phenotype via suppressing FLT1/PI3K/AKT signaling.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of post-translational modifications in glioma: advances in pathological mechanisms and clinical targeting strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Hypoxic tumor microenvironment and immune cell dynamics: From metabolic reprogramming to therapeutic innovation.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- MRI radiomics model for predicting tumor immune microenvironment types and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Targeting MS4A4A: A novel pathway to improve immunotherapy responses in glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe combined application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenesis therapy has shown synergistic effects on glioblastoma (GBM). As important resources of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have significant impact of the efficiency of ICIs. However, the effects of anti-angiogenesis agents on immune checkpoints expression are not fully understood.
methodGBM-educated macrophages were generated from circulating monocytes of healthy controls and GBM patients under the education of GBM cell line. Surface expression of PD-L1 and VEGFR1 on GBM-educated macrophages was analyzed. VEGFR1 NAb and soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1) were added and their effects on PD-L1 expression on TAMs was investigated. Serum soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and sVEGFR1 levels in GBM patients were measured and their correlation was analyzed.
resultThe expression intensity of PD-L1 on GBM-educated macrophages was higher and its up-regulation partially depends on VEGFR1 signaling pathway. GBM-educated macrophages secreted less levels of soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1), and exogenous sVEGFR1 down-regulated PD-L1 expression intensity. PD-L1 blockade promoted the secretion of sVEGFR1. Finally, sVEGFR1 and sPD-L1 in serum of GBM patients were overexpressed, and a positive correlation was found.
conclusionThese findings reveal the interaction between PD-L1 and VEGFR1 signaling pathway in GBM-educated macrophages. VEGFR1 is involved with PD-L1 overexpression, which can be impeded by autocrine regulation of sVEGFR1. sVEGFR1 secretion by GBM-educated macrophages can be promoted by PD-L1 blockade. Taken together, these findings provide evidences for the combined application of ICIs and anti-angiogenesis therapies in the treatment of GBM.
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