Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36940440›Full record

ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2023

Assessing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect in Real-World Data.

Jodi B Segal, Ravi Varadhan, Rolf H H Groenwold, Xiaojuan Li, Kaori Nomura, Sigal Kaplan, Shirin Ardeshirrouhanifard, James Heyward, Fredrik Nyberg, Mehmet Burcu

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. The evolving landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Characterizing Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Using Real-World Data.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jodi B SegalJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.B.S., R.V.).
Ravi VaradhanJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.B.S., R.V.).
Rolf H H GroenwoldLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (R.H.H.G.).ORCID 0000-0001-9238-6999
Xiaojuan LiHarvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (X.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-1305-0846
Kaori NomuraJikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-4386-3458
Sigal KaplanTeva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petah Tikva, Israel (S.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-3352-8480
Shirin ArdeshirrouhanifardJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.A., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0003-0105-0301
James HeywardJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.A., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0003-1375-9510
Fredrik NybergSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (F.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-0892-5668
Mehmet BurcuMerck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey (M.B.).

Funding

Translational Research Central ServicesP30CA006973 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Rosalie Wollett · 1985 to 2026
$208.6M
NHLBI Training Program in PharmacoepidemiologyT32HL139426 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI G. Caleb Alexander, JODI B. SEGAL · 2018 to 2026
$2.5M
Towards Understanding the Patient Experience of Overuse of Medical ResourcesK24AG049036 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SEGAL, JODI B. · 2015 to 2024
$1.6M
Research Continuity and Retention Supplement: Optimizing care for older adults in the new treatment era for type 2 diabetes and heart failureK01AG073651 · NIA · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI Xiaojuan Li · 2022 to 2026
$700k
Novel causal inference methods to inform clinical decision on when to discontinue symptomatic treatment for patients with dementiaR03AG070661 · NIA · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI LI, XIAOJUAN · 2021 to 2022
$332k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006973NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL139426NIA NIH HHS K01 AG073651NIA NIH HHS K24 AG049036NIA NIH HHS R03 AG070661
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing availability of real-world data (RWD) generated from patient care enables the generation of evidence to inform clinical decisions for subpopulations of patients and perhaps even individuals. There is growing opportunity to identify important heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) in these subgroups

Identifiers

PMID36940440
PMCPMC10273137

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.