ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
The ecology of human-caused mortality for a protected large carnivore.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Puma habitat preferences when moving and feeding predict the potential for human-carnivore conflict in shared landscapes.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2025Article
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- International consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Survival of Eurasian lynx in the human-dominated landscape of Europe.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multiscale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Relational geographies of urban unsustainability: The entanglement of California's housing crisis with WUI growth and climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Impacts of management practices on habitat selection during juvenile mountain lion dispersal.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Leopard density and determinants of space use in a farming landscape in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Social-ecological predictors of spotted hyena navigation through a shared landscape.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Stepping stones to extirpation: Puma patch occupancy thresholds in an urban-wildland matrix.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Learning to live with large predators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The ecology of human-caused mortality for a protected large carnivore.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
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Abstract
Mitigating human-caused mortality for large carnivores is a pressing global challenge for wildlife conservation. However, mortality is almost exclusively studied at local (within-population) scales creating a mismatch between our understanding of risk and the spatial extent most relevant to conservation and management of wide-ranging species. Here, we quantified mortality for 590 radio-collared mountain lions statewide across their distribution in California to identify drivers of human-caused mortality and investigate whether human-caused mortality is additive or compensatory. Human-caused mortality, primarily from conflict management and vehicles, exceeded natural mortality despite mountain lions being protected from hunting. Our data indicate that human-caused mortality is additive to natural mortality as population-level survival decreased as a function of increasing human-caused mortality and natural mortality did not decrease with increased human-caused mortality. Mortality risk increased for mountain lions closer to rural development and decreased in areas with higher proportions of citizens voting to support environmental initiatives. Thus, the presence of human infrastructure and variation in the mindset of humans sharing landscapes with mountain lions appear to be primary drivers of risk. We show that human-caused mortality can reduce population-level survival of large carnivores across large spatial scales, even when they are protected from hunting.
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